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Relapsed Pediatric ALL

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Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract

Although the survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia has considerably improved in the previous two decades, 15–20% of patients experience subsequent relapse. Immunophenotype, duration of first complete remission, and site of relapse are the most widely accepted risk factors used for patient stratification in pediatric relapsed ALL. Patients with bone marrow (BM) relapse of T-ALL or very early or early BM relapse of BCP-ALL receive multi-drug chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), while those with late BM relapse of BCP-ALL and negative minimal residual disease after re-induction undergo about 2 years of chemotherapy and can be treated without HSCT. Patients with late BM relapse of BCP-ALL who have poor minimal residual disease (MRD) response after re-induction are scheduled to receive HSCT at the time of second remission. Many novel agents for pediatric relapsed ALL have been developed in the previous decades.

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  1. Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Ayumu Arakawa

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  1. Department of Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Children’s Cancer, Center National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Motohiro Kato

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Arakawa, A. (2020). Relapsed Pediatric ALL. In: Kato, M. (eds) Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0548-5_13

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