Abstract
Globally, a number of firework events have been celebrated on a large scale in the names of different festivals. Diwali is one among the popular Indian festival held during October or November every year with huge fireworks. In the present study, various air pollutants like nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and ozone (O3) were analyzed in pre, during and post Diwali in two consecutive years i.e. October 2016 and October 2017 in capital city of India, Delhi. The results showed that the background values of particulate matter are exceeding 5–6 times in 2016 and 7–8 times in 2017 than permissible limits set by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), India. In Diwali-2016, the highest PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were about 8 times and 7 times higher than NAAQS limits respectively. For Diwali-2017, there was rapid increase in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations that were about 10 times and 13 times higher than NAAQS threshold value respectively. Moreover, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in 2017, higher than 2016 were found to be 5–8 times more as compared to background concentrations. However, the concentrations of NOx and O3 look similar during background event, pre Diwali, Diwali and post Diwali periods in both the years of 2016 and 2017. The huge Diwali induced air pollution is influenced by transboundary air mass movements from nearby regions of Delhi and adjoining countries in both the selected years of 2016 and 2017 particularly in case of particulate matter in Diwali and Post Diwali. The study concludes that during background and in and around Diwali period receives the air masses containing the emissions from biomass burning which significantly increases the air pollution load.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agrawal A, Upadhyayl VK, Sachdeva K (2011) Study of aerosol behavior on the basis of morphological characteristics during festival events in India. Atmos Environ 45(21):3640–3644
Ambade B, Ghosh S (2013) Characterization of PM10 in the ambient air during Deepawali festival of Rajnandgaon district, India. Nat Hazards 69:589–598
Attri AK, Kumar U, Jain VK (2001) Microclimate: formation of O3 by fireworks. Nature 411(6841):1015
Bach W, Daniels A, Dickinson L, Hertlein F, Morrow J, Margolis S, Dinh V (1975) Fireworks pollution and health. Pol J Environ Stud 7:183–192
Barman SC, Singh R, Negi MPS, Bhargava SK (2009) Fine particles (PM2.5) in ambient air of Lucknow city due to fireworks on Diwali festival. J Environ Biol 30(5):625–632
Census of India (2011). Available at: http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/provdata_productsdelhi.html
CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) (2010). Ambient air and noise pollution levels—Deepawali 2010. Press Release, Delhi, pp 1–8
Deka JP, Baruah B, Singh S, Chaudhury R, Prakash A, Bhattacharyya P, Kumar M (2015) Tracing phosphorous distributions in the surficial sediments of two eastern Himalayan high altitude lakes through sequential extraction, multivariate and HYSPLIT back trajectory analyses. Environ Earth Sci 73(11):7617–7629
Draxler R, Rolph G (2014) HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model access via NOAA. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory ARL READY Website http://ready.arl.noaa.gov.HYSPLIT.php
Drewnick F, Hings SS, Curtius J, Eerdekens G, Williams J (2006) Measurement of fine particulate and gasphase species during the New Year’s fireworks 2005 in Mainz, Germany. Atmos Environ 40:4316–4327
Escudero M, Stein A, Draxler RR, Querol X, Alastuey A, Castillo S, Avila A (2006) Determination of the contribution of northern Africa dust source areas to PM10 concentrations over the central Iberian Peninsula using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) model. J Geophys Res: Atmos 111(D6)
Fleischer O, Wichmann H, Lorenz W (1999) Release of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by setting off fireworks. Chemosphere 39:925–932
Ganguly ND (2009) Surface ozone pollution during the festival of Diwali, New Delhi, India. J Earth Sci India 2(4):224–229
GNCT of Delhi report, 2011–2012, Transport Department, pp 1–175
Khaiwal R, Mor S, Kaushik CP (2003) Short-term variation in air quality associated with firework events: a case study. J Environ Monit 5:260–264
Kulshrestha UC, Rao TN, Azhaguvel S, Kulshrestha MJ (2004) Emissions and accumulation of metals in the atmosphere due to crackers and sparkles during Diwali festival in India. Atmos Environ 38(27):4421–4425
Langford AO, Alvarez RJ II, Brioude J, Evan S, Iraci LT, Kirgis G, Senff CJ (2018) Coordinated profiling of stratospheric intrusions and transported pollution by the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) and NASA Alpha Jet experiment (AJAX): observations and comparison to HYSPLIT, RAQMS, and FLEXPART. Atmos Environ 174:1–14
Liu DY, Rutherford D, Kinsey M, Prather KA (1997) Real-time monitoring of pyrotechnically derived aerosol particles in the troposphere. Anal Chem 69(10):1808–1814
Nishanth T, Praseed KM, Rathnakaran K, Kumar MKS, Krishna RR, Valsaraj KT (2012) Atmospheric pollution in a semi-urban, coastal region in India following festival seasons. Atmos Environ 47:295–306
Perrino C, Tiwari S, Catrambone M, Torre SD, Rantica E, Canepari S (2011) Chemical characterization of atmospheric PM in Delhi, India, during different periods of the year including Diwali festival. Atmos Pollut Res 2(4):418–427
Rao PS, Gajghate DG, Gavane AG, Suryawanshi P, Chauhan C, Mishra S, Gupta N, Rao CVC, Wate SR (2012) Air quality status during Diwali Festival of India: a case study. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 89:376–379
Saxena P, Bhardwaj R, Ghosh C (2012) Status of air pollutants after implementation of CNG in Delhi. Curr World Environ 7(1):109
Saxena P, Naik V (eds) (2018) Air Pollution: Sources, Impacts and Controls. CABI
Saxena P, Srivastava A, Tyagi M, Kaur S (2019) Impact of tropospheric ozone on plant metabolism – a review. Pollut Res 38(1):175–180
Singh DP, Gadi R, Mandal TK, Dixit CK, Singh KST, Singh N et al (2010) Study of temporal variation in ambient air quality during Diwali festival in India. Environ Monit Assess 169(1):1–13
Sonwani S, Amreen H, Khillare PS (2016, July) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban atmospheric particulate of NCR, Delhi, India. In 41st COSPAR Scientific Assembly (Vol. 41)
Sonwani S, Kulshreshtha U (2016) Particulate matter levels and it’s associated health risks in East Delhi. Proceedings of Indian aerosol science and technology association conference on aerosol and climate change: insight and challenges. IASTA Bull 22(1–2). ISSN 09714510
Sonwani S, Kulshrestha U (2018) Morphology, elemental composition and source identification of airborne particles in Delhi, India. J Indian Geophys Union 22(6):607–620
Sonwani S, Kulshrestha, UC (2019) PM 10 carbonaceous aerosols and their real-time wet scavenging during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons at Delhi, India. J Atmos Chem 1–30
Sonwani S, Saxena P (2016) Identifying the sources of primary air pollutants and their impact on environmental health: a review. Int J Eng Tech Res 6(2):111–130
Srinivas R, Panicker AS, Parkhi NS, Peshin SK, Beig G (2015) Sensitivity of online coupled model to extreme pollution event over a mega city Delhi. Atmos Pollut Res. APR-D-14-00373
Stein AF, Draxler RR, Rolph GD, Stunder BJ, Cohen MD, Ngan F (2015) NOAA’s HYSPLIT atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling system. Bull Am Met Soc 96(12):2059–2077
Su L, Yuan Z, Fung JC, Lau AK (2015) A comparison of HYSPLIT backward trajectories generated from two GDAS datasets. Sci Total Environ 506:527–537
Swamy YV, Venkanna R, Nikhil GN, Chitanya DNSK, Sinha PR, Ramakrishna M et al (2012) Impact of oxides of nitrogen, volatile organic carbons and black carbon emissions on ozone weekend/weekday variations at a semi arid urban site in Hyderabad. Aerosol Air Qual Res 12:662–671
Thakur B, Chakraborty S, Debsarkar A, Chakrabarty S, Srivastava RC (2010) Air pollution from fireworks during festival of lights (Deepawali) in Howrah, India—a case study. Atmósfera 23(4):347–365
Vecchi R, Bernardoni V, Cricchio D, D’Alessandro A, Fermo P, Lucarelli F, Nava S, Piazzalunga A, Valli G (2008) The impact of fireworks on airborne particles. Atmos Environ 42:1121–1132
White AB, Darby LS, Sneff CJ, King CW, Banta RM, Koermer J, Wilczak JM, Neiman PJ, Angevine WM, Talbot R (2007) Comparing the impact of meteorological variability on surface ozone during the NEAQS (2002) and ICARTT (2004) field campaigns. J Geophys Res 112:D10S14
WHO (2014). http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities-2014/en/
World Bank (2004) Most dangerous polluted cities: particulate matter air pollution 2004. Available at: http://www.allcountries.org/air_pollution.html
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saxena, P., Srivastava, A., Verma, S., Shweta, Singh, L., Sonwani, S. (2020). Analysis of Atmospheric Pollutants During Fireworks Festival ‘Diwali’ at a Residential Site Delhi in India. In: Gupta, T., Singh, S., Rajput, P., Agarwal, A. (eds) Measurement, Analysis and Remediation of Environmental Pollutants. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0540-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0540-9_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-0539-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-0540-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)