Abstract
Most developed countries use indigenous fuels for powering their transport sector, however developing countries have to import transport fuels/petroleum to produce transport fuels and they struggle for fuel production from domestic resources. India is focusing on reduction of fuel import by introducing indigenous transport fuels such as variety of biofuels. High ash content coal is available in India, which cannot be used for electricity generation, however this can be used for methanol production using gasification route that can be used to power the Indian transport sector. Although methanol production is already done in India and the current production capacity cannot fulfil the huge demand of the transport sector currently. However methanol economy initiative is gaining momentum due to active intervention of Government of India (GoI) and the technology is being developed for methanol production from high ash coal, municipal solid waste (MSW) and low value agricultural resides. Methanol has great potential to be utilized in spark ignition (SI) engines. This chapter is explores methanol utilization in small carburetor assisted two-wheelers. Two-wheelers population in Indian road transport sector is more than 70% in terms of number of vehicles registered. Carburetor is used to induct the fuel in these small capacity (100–150 cc) SI engines. Existing engines are designed to operate on gasoline therefore slight modifications become essential for adaptation of methanol in these existing two-wheelers. Currently, India is preparing a road map for large scale adaptation of M15 (15% v/v methanol and 85% v/v gasoline) in the existing SI engines, which has several challenges. This chapter summarises challenges and possible solutions for adaptation of M15 in carburetor assisted two-wheelers.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Standards for methanol blends. https://www.iea-amf.org.
- 2.
India’s coal reserves estimated at 315 billion tonnes—ministry. https://www.indoasiancommodities.com/2018/03/07/indias-coal-reserves-estimated-315-billion-tonnes/.
- 3.
Two-wheeler industry. www.fintapp.com.
- 4.
Two-wheeler statistics. http://www.siamindia.com/pressreleasedetails.aspx?mpgid=48&pgidtrail=50&pid=413.
- 5.
- 6.
Methanol as an alternative transportation fuel in the US: options for sustainable and/or energy-secure transportation. https://afdc.energy.gov/files/pdfs/mit_methanol_white_paper.pdf.
- 7.
Formaldehyde. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10.
PB type carburetor. http://www.keihinfie.com/html/pbtype.htm.
- 11.
Renewable fuels blending solutions—measurement solutions. http://info.smithmeter.com/literature/docs/tp0a015.pdf.
References
Abedin MJ, Imran A, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Shahir SA, Varman M, Ruhul AM (2016) An overview on comparative engine performance and emission characteristics of different techniques involved in diesel engine as dual-fuel engine operation. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 60:306–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.118
Bansal RK (2004) A textbook of fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines. Laxmi Publications
Bharj RS, Kumar R, Singh GN (2019) On-board post-combustion emission control strategies for diesel engine in india to meet bharat stage VI norms. In: Agarwal A, Gupta J, Sharma N, Singh A (eds) Advanced engine diagnostics. Energy, environment, and sustainability. Springer, Singapore, pp 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3275-3_6
BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2016). https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp-country/de_ch/PDF/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2016-full-report.pdf
Brinkman N, Halsall R, Jorgensen SW, Kirwan JE (1994) The development of improved fuel specifications for methanol (M85) and ethanol (Ed 85). SAE Trans 361–374
Canakci M, Ozsezen AN, Alptekin E, Eyidogan M (2013) Impact of alcohol–gasoline fuel blends on the exhaust emission of an SI engine. Renew Energy 52:111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.09.062
Cheng CH, Cheung CS, Chan TL, Lee SC, Yao CD (2008) Experimental investigation on the performance, gaseous and particulate emissions of a methanol fumigated diesel engine. Sci Total Environ 389(1):115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.041
Elfasakhany A (2015) Investigations on the effects of ethanol–methanol–gasoline blends in a spark-ignition engine: performance and emissions analysis. Eng Sci Technol Int J 18(4):713–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2015.05.003
Elrod AC, Bata RM (1991) Exhaust gas emissions of butanol, ethanol, and methanol-gasoline blends. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 113:377
Iliev S (2015) A comparison of ethanol and methanol blending with gasoline using a 1-D engine model. Procedia Eng 100:1013–1022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.461
Indian Petroleum and Natural Gas Statistics (2017–18) http://petroleum.nic.in/sites/default/files/ipngstat_0.pdf
Li L, Ge Y, Wang M, Li J, Peng Z, Song Y, Zhang L (2015) Effect of gasoline/methanol blends on motorcycle emissions: exhaust and evaporative emissions. Atmos Environ 102:79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.044
Liu S, Clemente ERC, Hu T, Wei Y (2007) Study of spark ignition engine fueled with methanol/gasoline fuel blends. Appl Therm Eng 27(11–12):1904–1910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.12.024
Methanol Economy (2018) NITI Aayog working on road map for India on World Environment Day. http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179785
Naraqi S, Dethlefs RF, Slobodniuk RA, Sairere JS (1979) An outbreak of acute methyl alcohol intoxication. Aust N Z J Med 9(1):65–68
Natarajan R (2018) Methanol as an alternative fuel for India. http://www.cstep.in/uploads/default/files/publications/stuff/CSTEP_Policy_Brief_Methanol_Ramya_Final.pdf
Ozsezen AN, Canakci M (2011) Performance and combustion characteristics of alcohol–gasoline blends at wide-open throttle. Energy 36(5):2747–2752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.02.014
Sharma RP, Mathur ML (2012) Internal combustion engine, vol 100, pp 200–300. Dhanpath Rai Publications
Valera H, Agarwal AK (2019) Methanol as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. In: Agarwal A, Gautam A, Sharma N, Singh A (eds) Methanol and the alternate fuel economy. Energy, environment, and sustainability. Springer, Singapore, pp 9–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3287-6_2
Vancoillie J, Demuynck J, Sileghem L, Van De Ginste M, Verhelst S, Brabant L, Van Hoorebeke L (2013) The potential of methanol as a fuel for flex-fuel and dedicated spark-ignition engines. Appl Energy 102:140–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.05.065
Wu B, Wang L, Shen X, Yan R, Dong P (2016) Comparison of lean burn characteristics of an SI engine fueled with methanol and gasoline under idle condition. Appl Therm Eng 95:264–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.11.029
Yang CJ, Jackson RB (2012) China’s growing methanol economy and its implications for energy and the environment. Energy Policy 41:878–884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.037
Zhao H, Ge Y, Tan J, Yin H, Guo J, Zhao W, Dai P (2011) Effects of different mixing ratios on emissions from passenger cars fueled with methanol/gasoline blends. J Environ Sci 23(11):1831–1838. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60626-2
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Valera, H., Singh, A.P., Agarwal, A.K. (2020). Prospects of Methanol-Fuelled Carburetted Two Wheelers in Developing Countries. In: Singh, A., Sharma, N., Agarwal, R., Agarwal, A. (eds) Advanced Combustion Techniques and Engine Technologies for the Automotive Sector. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0368-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0368-9_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-0367-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-0368-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)