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Comparative Genomics for Exploring New Genes and Traits for Crop Improvement

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Rediscovery of Genetic and Genomic Resources for Future Food Security

Abstract

Comparative genomics has brought a paradigm shift in our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among organisms and helped in elucidating the functions of newly discovered genes. With copious amount of information regarding plant genomic sequences being generated, it has become imperative to store such information in a manner where it is easy to retrieve and analyse. Aided with the tools of bioinformatics, comparative genomics approach is now being utilised for studying evolution of gene families and transposable elements in plants, identification of functional regions in their genomes, genetic basis of phenotypic variation and looking for DNA markers associated with desirable phenotype for breeding. This chapter will discuss the need of comparative genomics in crop improvement and the various online plant genomic databases available to do so.

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Abbreviations

BLAST:

Basic local alignment and sequencing tool

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

GAB:

Genomics-assisted breeding

GBS:

Genotyping by sequencing

GWAS:

Association mapping and genome-wide association studies

PlantGenIE:

The Plant Genome Integrative Explorer

PGDBj:

Plant Genome Database Japan

PIECE:

Plant Intron Exon Comparison and Evolution

POGs:

Putative Orthologous Groups database

SALAD:

Surveyed conserved motif Alignment diagram and the Associating Dendrogram

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

TAIR:

The Arabidopsis Information Resource

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Gayatri Jamwal & Inderpal Singh Bijral

Authors
  1. Gayatri Jamwal
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  2. Inderpal Singh Bijral
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Romesh Kumar Salgotra

  2. Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Sajad Majeed Zargar

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Jamwal, G., Bijral, I.S. (2020). Comparative Genomics for Exploring New Genes and Traits for Crop Improvement. In: Salgotra, R., Zargar, S. (eds) Rediscovery of Genetic and Genomic Resources for Future Food Security. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0156-2_9

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