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Untapped Genetic Diversity of Wild Relatives for Crop Improvement

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Rediscovery of Genetic and Genomic Resources for Future Food Security

Abstract

We live in a time when, thanks to the achievements of a modern civilization, the consumption and destruction are uncontrolled of what ensures human survival on the planet – the biosphere. Special pressure is focused on biodiversity, equally to all its elements – genes, species, and ecosystems. In order to ensure sustainable food supply for increasing human population, new varieties with increased tolerance to environmental stresses need to be created. Due to the richness of genetic diversity, CWR show very high adaptability in a fairly wide range of ecological conditions. Therefore, in order to preserve the adaptability of crops and future food safety, CWR, as a critical component of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, will be needed more than ever before. There is no doubt that climate change in the future will increasingly affect the survival of wild species. The ever-present loss of their germplasm and habitat requires greater mobility in their protection. It is therefore necessary to take urgent steps to preserve these resources both in their natural habitats (in situ) and in the gene banks (ex situ), while the genetic diversity they contain is still available. Any further postponement of their conservation would lead to further disturbance of biodiversity, and these activities would become even more uncertain in the future. For these reasons it is necessary to develop acceptable conservation agendas as soon as possible that will offer a solution where and how to protect the diversity of wild relatives in situ. Due to their actual or potential value, this should be done as soon as possible in order to ensure continuous crop improvement for food sustainability through the conservation of CWR diversity.

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Abbreviations

AEGIS:

An European Genebank Integrated System

AnGR:

Animal genetic resources

CBD:

Convention on Biological Diversity

CIAT:

International Center for Tropical Agriculture

CT:

Crop Trust

ESA:

European Seed Association

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

ICWRA:

Important Crop Wild Relatives Areas

IFPRI:

International Food Policy Research Institute

IPCC:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ITPGRFA:

International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

IUCN:

International Union for Conservation of Nature

MAA:

Most Appropriate Accessions

MAWP:

Most Appropriate Wild Populations

MEA:

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

NASA:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

PA:

Protected area

PGRFA:

Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

PGR:

Plant Genetic Resources

RBG:

Royal Botanic Gardens (brand name Kew)

UN:

United Nations

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnical Faculty Podgorica, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro

    Zoran Jovovic

  2. Maize Research Institute ‘Zemun Polje’, Belgrade, Serbia

    Violeta Andjelkovic

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Novo Przulj

  4. Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Dragan Mandic

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  1. Zoran Jovovic
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  2. Violeta Andjelkovic
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  3. Novo Przulj
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  4. Dragan Mandic
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  1. School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Romesh Kumar Salgotra

  2. Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Sajad Majeed Zargar

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Jovovic, Z., Andjelkovic, V., Przulj, N., Mandic, D. (2020). Untapped Genetic Diversity of Wild Relatives for Crop Improvement. In: Salgotra, R., Zargar, S. (eds) Rediscovery of Genetic and Genomic Resources for Future Food Security. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0156-2_2

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