Abstract
Characteristics of X-ray transmissions were investigated for epoxy composites filled with 2–10 vol.% WO3 loadings using synchrotron X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) at 10–40 keV. The results obtained were used to determine the equivalent X-ray energies for the operating X-ray tube voltages of mammography and radiology machines. The results confirmed the superior attenuation ability of nano-sized WO3-epoxy composites in the energy range of 10–25 keV when compared to their micro-sized counterparts. However, at higher synchrotron radiation energies (i.e., 30–40 keV), the X-ray transmission characteristics were similar with no apparent size effect for both nano-sized and micro-sized WO3-epoxy composites. The equivalent X-ray energies for the operating X-ray tube voltages of the mammography unit (25–49 kV) were in the range of 15–25 keV. Similarly, for a radiology unit operating at 40–60 kV, the equivalent energy range was 25–40 keV, and for operating voltages greater than 60 kV (i.e., 70–100 kV), the equivalent energy was in excess of 40 keV. The mechanical properties of epoxy composites increased initially with an increase in the filler loading but a further increase in the WO3 loading resulted in deterioration of flexural strength, modulus and hardness.
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Acknowledgements
The collection of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data was funded by the Australian Synchrotron (AS123/XAS5341). We thank Dr. Bernt Johannessen of the Australian Synchrotron and our colleagues Dr. C. Ng and A/Prof. Z. Sun for assistance with XAS data collection. Also, we would like to thank Carolyn Madeley of Breast Assessment Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia for giving us the opportunity to use the mammography unit.
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Low, I.M., Noor Azman, N.Z. (2020). Characterisation of Micro-Sized and Nano-Sized Tungsten Oxide-Epoxy Composites for Radiation Shielding of Diagnostic X-Rays. In: Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites for X-Rays Shielding. Composites Science and Technology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9810-0_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9810-0_6
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