Abstract
Drawing on the works of diverse thinkers, ranging from Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari to Yuval Noah Harari, Francis Fukuyama, Robert Kaplan, Samuel Huntington and Naim Moises, the chapter looks at the longue duree future of the Indo-Pacific security architecture. In particular, it focuses on the likely impact of worsening climate change and disruptive technological innovation on nation-states across the mega-region, and how this necessitates the creation of increasingly robust and nimble patterns of cooperation among regional powers. The chapter looks at the severe vulnerability of the region to the mega-challenges of the twenty-first century, and how this could completely transform nations across the Indo-Pacific as well as their interactions.
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Notes
- 1.
Rees (2004).
- 2.
Malthus (2007).
- 3.
Kaplan (2001).
- 4.
King (2019).
- 5.
Sharma (2012).
- 6.
Prashad (2014).
- 7.
Baldwin (2016).
- 8.
Bolwell (2019).
- 9.
Rachman (2017).
- 10.
Khanna (2019).
- 11.
Wallace-Wells (2017).
- 12.
Friedrich et al. (2017).
- 13.
McCarthy (2014).
- 14.
Leprince-Ringuet (2018).
- 15.
Wallace-Wells (2017).
- 16.
Ibid.
- 17.
Osnos (2017).
- 18.
Ibid.
- 19.
Fox-Skelly (2017).
- 20.
Wallace-Wells (2019a).
- 21.
Roberts (2018).
- 22.
Friedman (2018).
- 23.
Kolbert (2014).
- 24.
Kaplan (2011a).
- 25.
World Wildlife Fund (2018).
- 26.
Carrington (2018).
- 27.
CAIT (l.a. 2019).
- 28.
Sieg and Takenaka (2018).
- 29.
He et al. (2018).
- 30.
Ramesh (2008).
- 31.
Leahy (2017).
- 32.
Jaafari (2019).
- 33.
Alterman (2017).
- 34.
CBS News (2017).
- 35.
Wallace-Wells (2017).
- 36.
- 37.
Interview with the author, February 9, 2015.
- 38.
Liang and Gomez (2018).
- 39.
Thayer (2018).
- 40.
Heydarian (2015).
- 41.
Shi and Liu (2017).
- 42.
Mogato (2017).
- 43.
Emmers (2017).
- 44.
European Council: Council of the European Union (2019).
- 45.
Interview with author, October 30, 2018.
- 46.
Dobell (2018).
- 47.
Roughneed (2018).
- 48.
Lee (2018).
- 49.
Aravindan (2016).
- 50.
Osnos (2017).
- 51.
Asian Development Bank (2018).
- 52.
Elgat (2017).
- 53.
- 54.
See Karl Polanyi’s meta-historical double-movement analysis and inner contradictions of liberal capitalism in Polanyi (2001).
- 55.
Harvey (1973).
- 56.
Mishra (2017).
- 57.
Ibid.
- 58.
See for instance Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2016).
- 59.
Ibid.
- 60.
Chesney and Citron (2019).
- 61.
The term surveillance capitalism was coined by Harvard academic Shoshana Zuboff see Zuboff (2019).
- 62.
History Matters (l.a. 2019).
- 63.
- 64.
- 65.
Anderson (2015).
- 66.
Interview with author, March 8.
- 67.
Zuboff (2019).
- 68.
Huntington (1993).
- 69.
Huntington (1991).
- 70.
Diamond (2016).
- 71.
Ibid.
- 72.
Dutt (2016).
- 73.
Ikenberry (2018).
- 74.
Acharya (2014, 10).
- 75.
Ibid., 15.
- 76.
Goh (2014, 77–78).
- 77.
De Luce and Williams (2019).
- 78.
Harris (2018).
- 79.
Brennan (2019).
- 80.
- 81.
Allison (2018).
- 82.
Smith and Townsend (2018).
- 83.
Daalder and Lindsay (2018).
- 84.
Walker and Ludwig (2017).
- 85.
Ibid.
- 86.
Risen (2019).
- 87.
- 88.
- 89.
Tai and Jaques (2019).
- 90.
Putnam et al. (1994).
- 91.
Naím and Toro (2018).
- 92.
Heydarian (2018).
- 93.
- 94.
Hao (2019).
- 95.
Kirby (2018).
- 96.
Diamond (2016).
- 97.
Friedberg (2018).
- 98.
Ibid.
- 99.
Harari (2018).
- 100.
Tobin (2019).
- 101.
Chen and Lee (2019).
- 102.
Kissinger (2018).
- 103.
Fukuyama (2006).
- 104.
Hegel (2007).
- 105.
Marxists.org (2019, April 30 “The Phenomenology of …”).
- 106.
Fukuyama (2006).
- 107.
- 108.
Kaplan (1994).
- 109.
Creveld (1991).
- 110.
Ibid.
- 111.
Ibid.
- 112.
Huntington (2011, 266).
- 113.
Ibid., 298.
- 114.
Ibid., 266.
- 115.
Ibid., 267.
- 116.
D’Souza (2019).
- 117.
Heydarian (2019b).
- 118.
Michaelson (2017).
- 119.
Otto and Sentana (2018).
- 120.
CNN Newsource (2019).
- 121.
McKirdy et al. (2019).
- 122.
Heydarian (2017).
- 123.
Francis (2019).
- 124.
Kaplan (2011b).
- 125.
Kurniawan (2019).
- 126.
Marxists.org (2019, April 30 “Hegel’s Philosophy …”).
- 127.
Diamond (2011, 517).
- 128.
Wallace-Wells (2019b).
- 129.
Naím (2014).
- 130.
Bremmer and Roubini (2011).
- 131.
Malthus (1959).
- 132.
Harari (2015).
- 133.
Wendt (2003).
- 134.
Paraphrasing of Rosa Luxemburg’s “Junius Pamphlet” in 1916, where the communist ideologue argued, “Bourgeois society stands at the crossroads, either transition to Socialism or regression into Barbarism.”
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Heydarian, R.J. (2020). The Revenge of Malthus: Pax Indo-Pacifica and Rhizomatic Order. In: The Indo-Pacific: Trump, China, and the New Struggle for Global Mastery. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9799-8_9
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