Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Risk Classification of Sports Events

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Sports-related Eye Injuries

Part of the book series: Ocular Trauma ((OCTRA))

  • 370 Accesses

Abstract

Eye injuries are very common in sports. No matter team sports or individual sports, eye injuries frequently occur. Although the occurrence of sports-related eye injuries are less common than musculoskeletal injuries, loss of function is very common. Based on the data, the third leading cause of blindness in the USA is sports-related eye injuries, and the cost for treatment of sports-related eye injuries is huge. Hence, understanding the risk of ocular trauma from sports and taking precautions is very important. This chapter provides the risk classification of sports events in relation to the different degree of eye injuries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kim T, Nunes AP, Mello MJ, Greenberg PB. Incidence of sports-related eye injuries in the US: 2001Y2009. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010;249:1743Y4.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cass SP. Ocular injuries in sports. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2012;11(1):11–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Goldstein MH, Wee D. Sports injuries: an ounce of prevention and a pound of cure. Eye Contact Lens. 2011;37:160Y3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Yeh S, Colyer MH, Weichel ED. Current trends in the management of intraocular foreign bodies. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008;19(3):225–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Conrad DR. Ocular trauma: principles and practice. Ferenc Kuhn, Dante J. Pieramici, 2002, Thieme, New York 496 pages. US$149. Can J Ophthalmol. 2004; 39(7).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hua Y. Mechanical ocular trauma. Ophthalmology. Singapore: Springer; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zagelbaum BM, Starkey C, Hersh PS, et al. The National Basketball Association eye injury study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:749–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Padegimas EM, Stepan JG, Stoker GE, Polites GM, Brophy RH. Epidemiology and severity of sports and recreation injuries presenting to a tertiary adult emergency department. Phys Sportsmed. 2016;44(3):263–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zagelbaum BM, Starkey C, Hersh PS, Donnenfeld ED, Perry HD, Jeffers JB. The National Basketball Association eye injury study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113(6):749–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kuhn F, Piermici DJ. Ocular trauma: principles and practice. New York: Thieme; 2002. p. 1–468.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lee TH, Chen YH, Kuo HK, Chen YJ, Chen CH, Lee JJ, Wu PC. Retinal detachment associated with basketball-related eye trauma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;180:97–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Capao Filipe JA, Barros H, Castro-Correia J. Sports-related ocular injuries. A three-year follow-up study. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:313–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kent JS, Eidsness RB, Colleaux KM, Romanchuk KG. Indoor soccer-related eye injuries: should eye protection be mandatory? Can J Ophthalmol. 2007 Aug;42(4):605–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gökçe G, Ceylan OM, Erdurman FC, Durukan AH, Sobacı G. Soccer ball related posterior segment closed-globe injuries in outdoor amateur players. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2013;19(3):219–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Sports and recreational eye injuries. Washington, DC: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  16. National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Estimates report: baseball. (calendar year 1991.). Washington, DC: National Injury Information Clearinghouse; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jao KK, Atik A, Jamieson MP, Sheales MP, Lee MH, Porter A, Roufas A, Goldberg I, Zamir E, White A, Skalicky SE. Knocked by the shuttlecock: twelve sight-threatening blunt-eye injuries in Australian badminton players. Clin Exp Optom. 2017 Jul;100(4):365–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hink EM, Scott CNO, Drack AV, et al. Pediatric golf-related ophthalmic injuries. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126:1252–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ong HS, Barsam A, Morris OC, et al. A survey of ocular sports trauma and the role of eye protection. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2012;35:285–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Fountain TR, Albert DM. The histopathology of sports-related ocular trauma. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1988;28:206–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Portis JM, Vassallo SA, Albert DM. Ocular sports injuries: a review of cases on file in the Massachusetts eye and ear infirmary pathology laboratory. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1981;21:1–19.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Keles S, Ondas O, Ekinci M, Sener MT, Erhan E, Sirinkan A, Akyol Salman I, Kocer I, Baykal O. Paintball-related ocular trauma: paintball or painball? Med Sci Monit. 2014 Apr 5;20:564–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China

    Mingxue Zhang & Jinguo Yu

  2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China

    Xiaohong Wang

Authors
  1. Mingxue Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jinguo Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiaohong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China

    Hua Yan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Zhang, M., Yu, J., Wang, X. (2020). Risk Classification of Sports Events. In: Yan, H. (eds) Sports-related Eye Injuries. Ocular Trauma. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9741-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9741-7_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-9740-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-9741-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation