Abstract
In a report that was presented to the 19th Communist Party of China (CPC) National Congress in October 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping, on behalf of the 18th CPC Central Committee, stated that socialism with Chinese characteristics had entered a new era. Xi said that the course, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics would “extend the path of developing countries toward modernization, bring new choices to countries and nationalities that hope to accelerate development while retaining their independence, and contribute Chinese wisdom and programs to solving human problems” (from the report presented to the 19th CPC National Congress). That was the first time the CPC had made clear mention of the global impact of socialism with Chinese characteristics in a report to the National Congress. It was a profound acknowledgment of the importance of socialism with Chinese characteristics to all humanity, and it demonstrated the high level of confidence among Chinese communists.
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Notes
- 1.
Xi Jinping’s speech at the 80th Anniversary Meeting in Memory of the Victory of the Red Army’s Long March, published in the People’s Daily, October 21, 2016, 1st edition.
- 2.
See Ma Liang’s introduction to How China Escaped the Poverty Trap (Hong Yuanyuan, Cornell University Press, 2016) in “Guided” Improvisation: Chinese Revolution in the Eye of One Chinese Scholar in the United States, first released by The Paper on November 2, 2017.
- 3.
Wang Shaoguang and Hu Angang: “Report on Chinese National Capacity,” Shenyang: Liaoning People’s Press, 1993 version, Chinese abstract, p. 3.
- 4.
The figures were calculated by the authors based on the following procedure: public expenditure on social security = social security expenditure within the fiscal budget (including the three aspects of social security and employment, medical security and house security) + social insurance expense + social health expenses—fiscal aid from social security fund. See Hu and Yang (2015). Data used in the calculation were social security fund expenditure data from the annual Introduction to Settlements of the National Social Insurance Fund by the Ministry of Finance; other data were from the settlement tables of the national general public budget expenditure for the indicated years. Social health expenditure signifies medical health and family planning expenditure.
- 5.
The Tanzam Railway and Mombasa–Nairobi Railway are typical projects. Up to March 2017, China had dispatched medical-care teams consisting of 24,000 members to 66 countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America; China provided various kinds of medical aid to about 270 million patients. Source: “China Dispatched 24,000 Medical Care People for Foreign Medical Aid,” published in the People’s Daily, Overseas Edition, 2nd edition, March 21, 2017 (http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2017-03/21/content_1759139.htm).
- 6.
“Making the Work System Stricter and More Practical—Third Discussion on Strengthening the Construction of Party Committee Teams at All Levels,” published in the PLA Daily, January 28, 2015, 1st edition.
- 7.
Hu and Yang (2017).
- 8.
Deng (1993).
- 9.
Data obtained from Hu (2014).
- 10.
State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China: “Chinese Military Strategy” (May 2015), website of the Ministry of National Defense: http://www.mod.gov.cn/auth/2015-05/26/content_4586723.htm.
- 11.
“Significant Achievement for Strengthening National Defense Power and Significant Contributions to Safeguard World Peace: Explosion Success of Chinese First Atomic Bomb,” published in the People’s Daily, October 17, 1964, 1st edition.
- 12.
Publicity Department of CPC: Series of Important Speeches of General Secretary Xi Jinping (2016 version), Beijing: Learning Press and People’s Press, p. 248.
- 13.
Data from Hu (2014).
- 14.
- 15.
According to the World Bank’s 2016 population data, there were 150 countries and regions with a population of 30 million or less; that accounts for 85% of the total number of developing countries and regions. Data source: https://data.worldbank.org.cn/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?view=chart.
References
Deng Xiaoping: “Speech on Military Committee Enlargement Conference” (July 4, 1985), volume III of Selective Works of Deng Xiaoping, Beijing: People’s Press, 1993, pp. 128–129.
Hu Angang and Yang Zhusong: “Comparative Advantage of Socialistic Political System with Chinese Characteristics,” published in Hongqi Document (organ of the Central Committee of the CPC), Issue 21, 2017, pp. 42–44.
Hu Angang and Yang Zhusong: “Trends and Tasks of Chinese Social Security during the Period of the 13th Five-Year Plan,” Journal of the Party School of the Central Committee, February 2015.
Hu Angang: “Why America Declines,” collected in Academics, issue 5 of 2014, pp. 15–19.
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Yang, Z., Hu, A. (2020). China Presents New Choices to the World. In: Men, H. (eds) Report of Strategic Studies in China (2018). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9286-3_3
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