Abstract
Argentina’s Navy (ARA, Armada Argentina ) and its coast guard, the Naval Prefecture (Prefectura Naval Argentina [PNA]), have their origins in the Spanish colonial administration. Except for a short interlude in the 1950s, the Prefecture depended on the Navy until 1983. With the end of Argentina’s military dictatorship (1976–1983), the PNA was transferred to different entities until it was placed under a newly created Ministry of Security.
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Notes
- 1.
World by Map, Coastline length. Online at http://world.bymap.org/Coastlines.html.
- 2.
Prefectura Naval Argentina, Notas sobre una tradición funcional [Notes on a Functional Tradition]. https://www.prefecturanaval.gob.ar/cs/Satellite?d=&c=Page&pagename=Institucional_Publico%2FPage%2FPaginaInterna%2FVista1&cid=1436818007188.
- 3.
All laws and executive decrees referred to in this chapter can be found online at http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/, accessed January 22, 2019.
- 4.
The most influential promoter of Argentina’s maritime awareness at the time was Admiral Storni. Storni’s seminal lectures delivered in 1916 carried a strong Mahanian imprint. See Guillermo Montenegro, An Argentina Naval Buildup in the Disarmament Era: The Naval Procurement Act of 1926 (Buenos Aires: Universidad del CEMA).
- 5.
Interview with Eugenio Luis Facchin, retired ARA officer and PhD in political science, Buenos Aires, November 15, 2017.
- 6.
Interview with Jorge Battaglino, Senior research fellow at Argentina’s National Science and Technology Research Council (CONICET) and Professor in the Department of Political Science and International Studies at the University Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, November 14, 2017.
- 7.
We use the official Argentine term of Islas Malvinas. The inhabitants of the islands refer to them as the Falkland Islands .
- 8.
See Raúl Alfonsín, Memoria política: transición a la democracia y derechos humanos [A Political Memory: Transition to Democracy and Human Rights] (Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica de Argentina, 2004).
- 9.
Argentina, Ley de Defensa Nacional [National Defense Law]. Ley 24/554/88. Available at http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/20000-24999/20988/texact.htm.
- 10.
This was modified by Decree No. 683/2018, which no longer limits external threats to states. The new decree was issued by Mauricio Macri (2015–), who made the fight against drug trafficking a priority of his presidency, allowing him to use the armed forces for logistical support in the anti-narcotics campaign.
- 11.
Jorge Battaglino, “Fuerzas Intermedias y Lucha Contra El Tráfico de Drogas: El Caso de La Gendarmería En Argentina” [Intermediate Forces and the Fight Against Drug Trade: The Case of the Gendarmerie in Argentina]. URVIO, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad 18 (2016): 76–89.
- 12.
This claim has been made also for the Gendarmerie, which is in a similar position as an intermediate force between the Army and the police (Battaglino, “Fuerzas Intermedias y Lucha Contra El Tráfico de Drogas: El Caso de La Gendarmería En Argentina”).
- 13.
IISS, The Military Balance 2018 (London: IISS, 2018).
- 14.
Sputnik, “Brecha salarial entre FFAA y de seguridad de Argentina se redujo a 43% [Wage Gap Between the Armed Forces and Security Forces of Argentina Down to 43%],” Sputnik, March 17, 2017, https://mundo.sputniknews.com/defensa/201703171067657508-fuerzas-armadas-argentina/.
- 15.
Ministerio de Hacienda, “Presidencia de la Nación, Presupuesto 2018 [Budget 2018],” Composición del gasto por Finalidad-Función y por Jurisdicción - Nº 3 Anexa al Art.1º.
- 16.
Battaglino, “Fuerzas Intermedias y Lucha Contra El Tráfico de Drogas: El Caso de La Gendarmería En Argentina,” 80; Lucía Dammert. Perspectivas y dilemas de la seguridad ciudadana en América Latina [Perspectives and Dilemmas of Citizen Security in Latin America] (Quito: Flacso-Sede Ecuador, 2007), 284–298.
- 17.
“Time Series Analysis: Democracia, Confianza En Las Instituciones Nacionales [Democracy, Trust in National Institutions],” Latinobarómetro, http://www.latinobarometro.org/latOnline.jsp.
- 18.
- 19.
David Pion-Berlin and Harold A. Trinkunas, “Attention Deficits: Why Politicians Ignore Defense Policy in Latin America,” Latin American Research Review 42, no. 3 (October 30, 2007): 76–100.
- 20.
Interview, Buenos Aires, November 13, 2017.
- 21.
Fernando Horacio Rial, La Seguridad Naútica y Las Relaciones Institucionales Entre La Armada Argentina y La Prefectura Naval Argentina [Safety of Navigation and Institutional Relations Between the Argentine Navy and the Naval Prefecture] (Buenos Aires: Instituto Universitario Naval, Escuela de Guerra Naval, 2003), 60.
- 22.
Interview, Buenos Aires, November 14, 2017.
- 23.
Admiral Marcelo Eduardo Hipólito Srur, “The Commanders Respond: Argentina,” Proceedings Magazine 143/3/1,369 (March 2017): 24–37, 37. In November 2018, based on the new security and defence policy of President Macri, the government approved the purchase of four new patrol vessels to improve the Navy’s surveillance and maritime control capabilities.
- 24.
Ministry of Defense of Argentina, Libro Blanco de La Defensa [Defense White Paper] (Buenos Aires: Ministry of Defense of Argentina, 2010), 92–93.
- 25.
Information provided by the Servicio de Tráfico Marítimo [Service for Marine Traffic], PNA, November 27, 2017.
- 26.
Natalie Klein, Joanna Mossop, and Donald R. Rothwell, Maritime Security: International Law and Policy Perspectives from Australia and New Zealand (Oxon: Routledge, 2009), 130.
- 27.
“Global Fishing Watch Map,” Global Fishing Watch, http://globalfishingwatch.org/map/.
- 28.
Consejo Federal Pesquero, Plan de Acción Nacional Para Prevenir, Desalentar y Eliminar La Pesca Ilegal, No Declarada y No Reglamentada [National Action Plan to Prevent, Discourage and End Non-declared and Non-regulated Illegal Fishing], 14.
- 29.
Ibid., 9.
- 30.
Ibid., 15.
- 31.
Argentina, Libro Blanco de La República Argentina [Defence White Paper of the Republic of Argentina], 1998, 2–19; Ministry of Defense of Argentina, Libro Blanco de La Defensa, 2010, 29, 192, 217; Ministry of Defense of Argentina, Libro Blanco de La Defensa (Buenos Aires: Ministry of Defense of Argentina, 2015), 32, 35, 116.
Acknowledgements
We thank the various Navy officers, Prefects and state officials who shared their views and information with us while writing this chapter. Nicole Jenne gratefully acknowledges financial support to this project from the Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT), Programa Fondecyt de Iniciación [Project No. 11170387].
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Jenne, N., Puente Olivera, M.L. (2019). The Navy-Coast Guard Nexus in Argentina: Lost in Democratization? . In: Bowers, I., Koh, S. (eds) Grey and White Hulls. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9242-9_13
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