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Social Risks and Their Prevention

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China’s Emergency Management

Abstract

If natural disasters are mainly caused by hazards and social vulnerability, then public security incidents are mainly caused by social risks brought about by social transformation and development, including focusing on a single social development goal, unbalanced social structure, imbalance of interest relations, and proliferating social conflicts. At present, many social conflicts and mass incidents are often associated with NIMBY facilities, employee-employer relationship, and community-level conflicts. Dealing with these problems, coordinating these relationships, and resolving conflicts at their rudimentary stages are of great positive significance for easing social conflicts and resolving social risks.

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Notes

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    Dear M. Understanding and Overcoming the NIMBY Syndrome. Journal of the American Planning Association. 1992, Vol. 58, pp. 288–300.

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    Tang Jingping. Institutions and Strategies for NIMBY Environmental Conflict Management: Theoretical Analysis of the Sixth Naphtha Cracking Plant and the Case of Bayer Investment Based on Rational Choice and Transaction Cost. Taiwanese Journal of Political Science, 1999, No. 10.

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  9. 9.

    Hou Wenruo. Social Insurance. China Labor and Social Security Publishing House, 2005, p. 224.

  10. 10.

    Marx, Karl. Capital (Vol. I), People's Publishing House, 1975, p. 60.

  11. 11.

    The object of labor here should be understood in a broad sense, including both narrow-sensed object of labor and as intermediary labor information between laborers and narrow-sensed object of labor.

  12. 12.

    Marx, Karl. Capital (Vol. I), People’s Publishing House, 1972, pp. 209–210.

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    Tong Xing et al. The Sociology of Labor, Nanjing University Publishing House, 1992, p. 377.

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    Mu Huaizhong. Comparing Social Security Countries. China Labor and Social Security Publishing House, 2002, pp. 262–263.

  15. 15.

    Hou Wenruo. Social Insurance. China Labor and Social Security Publishing House, 2005, p. 225.

  16. 16.

    Development Trends of International Industrial Injury Insurance. See China Labor Advisory Network, http://www.511abour.com/labour-law/show-5949.html.

  17. 17.

    Processing on Order, Processing with Foreign Designs, Assembling Parts Supplied by Clients, and Compensation Trade.

  18. 18.

    See Guo Rongxin. The Research and Construction of the Three-in-one Industrial Injury Insurance System. Dongguan Social Security Department, 2010 April.

  19. 19.

    The concept of disasters used by the international community often includes both natural and man-made disasters, such as accidents in production. However, since ancient times, Chinese distinguish natural disasters from man-made disasters, the concept of disasters only refers to natural disasters.

  20. 20.

    Liu Yansheng. The Origins, Development, and Choice of Social Security, Law Press, 2001, pp. 179–180.

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    Li Xiaoqin, et al. The Development Model of Foreign Industrial Accident Insurance and Its Enlightenment to China. Coal Economic Research, 2006 (5).

  22. 22.

    See Guo Rongxin. The Research and Construction of the Three-in-one work-related Injury Insurance System. Dongguan Social Security Department, 2010 April.

  23. 23.

    Dongguan City Social Security Bureau. 2009 Dongguan City Social Security Work Progress and 2010 Work Arrangement. 2009 January.

  24. 24.

    The social basic medical insurance and maternity insurance are offering services to people in the whole society, not only limited to enterprise laborers; therefore, the number of insured persons is more than the number of people participating in work-related injury insurance.

  25. 25.

    See China Internet Information Center. “2009 Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Human Resources and Social Security,” http://www.china.com.cn/policy/txt/2010-05/22/content_20094749_2.htm.

  26. 26.

    Comments on “Work-related Risk Prevention from Temporal Perspective”. Social Science, 2010, No. 9.

  27. 27.

    The litigation here is in a broad sense, including both judicial proceedings and arbitration by relevant government agencies.

  28. 28.

    Xinhuanet. The People’s Mediation Law is Formally Implemented, and It Plays a Fundamental Role in Resolving Social Contradictions. http://legal.people.com.cn/GB/13636765.html.

  29. 29.

    Js.chinanews. Documentary Report on Jiangsu's Innovative Development of Big Meditation Mechanism for Resolving Social Contradictions. http://www.js.chinanews.com/news/2010/0126/14505.html.

  30. 30.

    People’s Daily Online. Supreme People’s Court Issued a Document to Protect the Public’s Complains. http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/1026/10380237.html.

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Tong, X., Zhang, H. (2020). Social Risks and Their Prevention. In: China’s Emergency Management. Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9140-8_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9140-8_10

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