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Equine Herpesviruses

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Recent Advances in Animal Virology

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Abstract

Equine herpesviruses (EHVs) are a group of 11 viruses of the family Herpesviridae affecting horses globally. Of these, two EHVs (EHV1 and EHV2) are the most devastating to the equine industry, causing acute upper respiratory tract disease in young horses, late-term abortion in pregnant mares, neonatal foal mortality and neurological disease termed equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). The global incidence of abortion and rhinopneumonitis is on decline, while that of EHM is on the rise, due to widespread use of vaccines to control respiratory infections and abortions. Although the clinical form of EHM is less frequently observed, it can cause serious economic losses in breeding horses and has very negative impact on the equine industry. Following infection, EHV1 establishes a life-long latent infection within the host-specific tissues where viral genome persists with very limited transcription. The latency enables the virus to evade the radar of the host immune system for its perpetuation in nature. The viral factors that influence EHV disease severity and latency are poorly understood, and this has hampered vaccine development. EHVs are the most common infections among horses worldwide; however, their diagnosis, treatment and prevention are very challenging, partly because of the complexity of the virus-host interactions. This chapter provides an update on the recent developments in our understanding of the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of EHV-associated diseases, with an emphasis on understanding the mechanisms of EHM and latency.

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Acknowledgements

All the authors of the manuscript thank and acknowledge their respective universities and institutes.

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There is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India

    Baldev Raj Gulati, Nitin Virmani & Bhupendra Nath Tripathi

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  1. Baldev Raj Gulati
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  2. Nitin Virmani
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  3. Bhupendra Nath Tripathi
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Yashpal Singh Malik

  2. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Raj Kumar Singh

  3. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India

    Mahendra Pal Yadav

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Gulati, B.R., Virmani, N., Tripathi, B.N. (2019). Equine Herpesviruses. In: Malik, Y., Singh, R., Yadav, M. (eds) Recent Advances in Animal Virology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9073-9_4

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