Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an economically significant pathogen of livestock industry worldwide. The virus belongs to genus Varicellovirus under family Herpesviridae. The double-stranded DNA genome of BoHV-1 consists of approximately 135.3 kbp. Cattle is the primary host of BoHV-1 but other Artiodactyla like goats, sheep, water buffaloes and camelids are also susceptible to BoHV-1 infection. The virus has different stages of infection. The virus replicates at the entry portal or within the mucosa of nasal tract or genitalia, and from there the virus may enter into the nerve axons. Afterwards, through intra-axonal transportation, the virus goes to the neuron bodies of the regional ganglia and may remain in latency stage. During the stress conditions, latent form of BoHV-1 may revert back to activated form to cause clinical infections. With the beginning of virus replication, the host immune response to virus infection is activated. Seven days post-infection, predominant antibody-mediated humoral (AMI) and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses arise. While AMI plays a critical part in prevention of viral spread and infection, CMI has a role in recovery from infection. BoHV-1 diagnosis is usually carried out using either serologic tests or by molecular diagnostic methods. The serologic tests involved either detection of virus/viral components or antibodies against virus. The molecular diagnostic methods involved detection of viral genome. The vaccines for BoHV-1 are the modified or attenuated vaccines (live vaccines) or inactivated (killed vaccines). In recent years, deletion mutant-based marker vaccines by removing one or more proteins have also been reported.
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Singh, N.K., Pawar, S.S., Tyagi, A., Gupta, P.K. (2019). Bovine Herpesvirus. In: Malik, Y., Singh, R., Yadav, M. (eds) Recent Advances in Animal Virology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9073-9_3
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