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Papillomaviruses and Polyomaviruses

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Recent Advances in Animal Virology

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Abstract

In recent years, papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses have received consideration because of their association with malignancy development and their wide dissemination. Papillomaviruses are epithelia-tropic small circular DNA viruses belonging to the family Papillomaviridae that cause benign proliferative lesions in the skin (warts) and mucous membranes in different animal species and humans. Papillomavirus replication is firmly connected to the differentiation process of the host epithelial cells, and their transmission requires close cutaneous or mucosal contact that occurs via abrasions, or microlesions on the skin and mucosa. Papillomavirus infections may greatly influence animal health, and some diseases seen in farm animals are linked with great economic losses. The disease has a worldwide occurrence, seen generally in young animals as cutaneous and mucosal tumors. Papillomatosis in cattle is the most widely investigated animal papillomavirus infection. However, the disease is widely spread in horses, dogs, cats, sheep, goats, and camels. Most papillomavirus infections can be diagnosed clinically, but laboratory confirmation is sometimes needed. PCR followed by DNA sequencing represents the most sensitive method for papillomavirus identification and genetic characterization. Polyomaviruses are minute DNA viruses that belong to the family Polyomaviridae. These viruses infect different mammalian and avian hosts with a wide range of findings including asymptomatic infection, acute generalized disease, and tumor induction. They do not cause a significant animal disease but are widely distributed among mammalian and avian species.

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Acknowledgments

All the authors of the manuscript thank and acknowledge their respective universities and institutes.

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  1. Veterinary Laboratories Division, Animal Wealth Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Abdelmalik I. Khalafalla

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  1. Abdelmalik I. Khalafalla
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  1. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Yashpal Singh Malik

  2. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Raj Kumar Singh

  3. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India

    Mahendra Pal Yadav

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Khalafalla, A.I. (2019). Papillomaviruses and Polyomaviruses. In: Malik, Y., Singh, R., Yadav, M. (eds) Recent Advances in Animal Virology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9073-9_2

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