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Next-Generation Biofuels—Opportunities and Challenges

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Innovations in Sustainable Energy and Cleaner Environment

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Abstract

India being a developing economy is using a huge amount of energy for sustaining its growth, most of which comes from fossil fuels at present. However, India is importing around 87% of its crude oil requirement which is a major burden on the exchequer. The most potential fuel either to supplement or substitute petroleum-derived fuels in the Indian context is biofuels. Biofuels are not only renewable but environmental friendly as well. The first generation of biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel) is derived from energy-containing molecules such as sugar, starch, vegetable oil, and animal fats. Fuel produced from these sources can have an adverse impact on the food security. Also, the yield of biofuel from these sources is limited. Therefore, efforts are required to generate advanced biofuels by identifying effective non-edible feedstocks. Research is needed for improvement in the conversion technologies performance along with cost reduction. The next-generation biofuels are mainly stemmed from lignocellulose, non-food materials, algal biomass, and energy crops grown on marginal lands. Biofuels are sustainable and have the potential to address the issues of climate change and energy security. However, challenges such as high production cost, lack of realistic support price, enforcement of mandates, poor supply chain, and adherence to quality norms are some of the deterrents for their commercialization. New technologies such as hydroprocessing and nano-catalysts would emerge as an attractive proposition in times to come.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Advanced Studies and Research in Automotive Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India

    Naveen Kumar, Ankit Sonthalia, Harveer S. Pali &  Sidharth

  2. Department of Automobile Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, 201204, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ankit Sonthalia

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Srinagar, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India

    Harveer S. Pali

  4. Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Rohini, Delhi, 110086, India

    Sidharth

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Ashwani K. Gupta

  2. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ashoke De

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Suresh K. Aggarwal

  4. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Abhijit Kushari

  5. Analytic & Computational Research, Inc. (ACRi), The CFD Innovators, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Akshai Runchal

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Kumar, N., Sonthalia, A., Pali, H.S., Sidharth (2020). Next-Generation Biofuels—Opportunities and Challenges. In: Gupta, A., De, A., Aggarwal, S., Kushari, A., Runchal, A. (eds) Innovations in Sustainable Energy and Cleaner Environment. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9012-8_8

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