Abstract
Combustion rig tests of an (RQL) rich burn quick quench lean burn gas turbine combustor and of a single concentric lean burn combustor were performed using kerosene (Jet A1), 100% hydro-treated ester and fatty acid (HEFA) alternative jet fuel and their blends. The results showed a clear tendency of suppression of non-volatile PM (nvPM) emission with an increase in blending ratio of HEFA for the RQL gas turbine combustor and for low-load conditions in the single concentric lean burn combustor. The O-ring sink test of the fuels was also performed that showed HEFA to have less effect on the strength and volume of the O-rings compared to kerosene. Chemical analysis of both the fuels showed differences in aromatic content, wherein aromatics in kerosene reached up to around 20% while HEFA contained no aromatics at all, which is considered to be the cause for differences in nvPM emission and the effect of fuels on O-rings. Storage stability was tested for both Jet A1 and HEFA that showed high stability.
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Abbreviations
- ANA:
-
All Nippon Airways
- ASTM:
-
American Society for Testing and Materials
- CCS:
-
Carbon dioxide capture and storage
- CLD:
-
Chemiluminescence detector
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- CO2:
-
Carbon dioxide
- EI:
-
Emission Index
- FAME:
-
Fatty and methyl ester fuel
- FT-SPK:
-
Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffin Kerosene
- HEFA:
-
Hydro-treated Ester and Fatty Acid
- IATA:
-
International Air Transport Association
- ICA:
-
Independent Component Analysis
- IRHD:
-
International Rubber Hardness Degrees
- JAXA:
-
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
- KAKENHI:
-
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Name from Japanese)
- MHPS:
-
Mitsubishi-Hitachi Power Systems
- NCA:
-
Nippon Cargo Airlines
- NDIR:
-
Nondispersive infrared detectors
- NEDO:
-
New Energy Industrial Technology Development Organization
- NOx:
-
Nitrogen oxides
- nvPM:
-
Non-volatile particulate matter
- PAH:
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
- PASS:
-
Photo acoustic soot sensor
- PetroOxy:
-
Rapid Small-Scale Oxidation Tester made by Anton Paar ProveTec
- POD:
-
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
- PVC:
-
Processing Vortex Core
- Re:
-
Reynolds number
- RQL:
-
Rich burn Quick quench and Lean burn
- SOFC:
-
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
- SPK:
-
Synthetic Paraffin Kerosene
- TEC:
-
Toyo Engineering Cooperation
- THC:
-
Total hydrocarbons
- UOP:
-
Universal Oil Products
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Acknowledgements
This work was in part supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16H04586.
The authors thank Mr. Patrick Salman of the University of Tokyo and Professor Ashwani K. Gupta of the University of Maryland for their support and comments and revisions.
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Fujiwara, H., Nakaya, S., Tsue, M., Okai, K. (2020). Emissions from HEFA Fuelled Gas Turbine Combustors. In: Gupta, A., De, A., Aggarwal, S., Kushari, A., Runchal, A. (eds) Innovations in Sustainable Energy and Cleaner Environment. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9012-8_16
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