Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulation of rhythmical contraction of myocardium, myocardiocyte physiology, stress response and redox signaling cascades, and overall heart function, principally by meeting the energy demand through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent imbalance in ATP supply often leads to diseased condition. Although cardiovascular diseases are attributed to almost one third of annual global death, universally accepted strategies for treatment of myocardial cardiomyopathies are yet to be established. This review summarizes the classical and futuristic therapies for treatment of heart diseases.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Miksanek T (2011) The sublime engine: a biography of the human heart. JAMA 305:2580
Neubauer S (2007) The failing heart – an engine out of fuel. N Engl J Med Overseas Ed 356:1140–1151
Wang Z, Ying Z, Bosy-Westphal A et al (2010) Specific metabolic rates of major organs and tissues across adulthood: evaluation by mechanistic model of resting energy expenditure. Am J Clin Nutr 92:1369–1377
Piquereau J, Caffin F, Novotova M et al (2013) Mitochondrial dynamics in the adult cardiomyocytes: which roles for a highly specialized cell? Front Physiol 4:102
McCommis KS, Finck BN (2015) Mitochondrial pyruvate transport: a historical perspective and future research directions. Biochem J 466:443–454
Hamilton JA, Johnson RA, Corkey B et al (2001) Fatty acid transport. J Mol Neurosci 16:99–108
Ramsay RR, Gandour RD, van der Leij FR (2001) Molecular enzymology of carnitine transfer and transport. Biochim Biophys Acta, Proteins Proteomics 1546:21–43
Grynberg A, Demaison L (1996) Fatty acid oxidation in the heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 28:11–17
Moczulski D, Majak I, Mamczur D (2009) An overview of beta-oxidation disorders. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) 63:266–277
Lopaschuk GD, Collins-Nakai RL, Itoi T (1992) Developmental changes in energy substrate use by the heart. Cardiovasc Res 26:1172–1180
Hatefi Y (1985) The mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation system. Annu Rev Biochem 54:1015–1069
Benard G, Faustin B, Passerieux E et al (2006) Physiological diversity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Am J Phys Cell Physiol 291:C1172–C1182
Wallimann T, Wyss M, Brdiczka D et al (1992) Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands: the ‘phosphocreatinecircuit’ for cellular energy homeostasis. Biochem J 281:21
Lacombe ML, Munier A, Mehus JG et al (2000) The human Nm23/nucleoside diphosphate kinases. J Bioenerg Biomembr 32:247–258
Chen Q, Vazquez EJ, Moghaddas S et al (2003) Production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria: central role of complex III. J Biol Chem 278:36027–36031
Herrero A, Barja G (2000) Localization of the site of oxygen radical generation inside the complex I of heart and nonsynaptic brain mammalian mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 32:609–615
McLennan HR, DegliEsposti M (2000) The contribution of mitochondrial respiratory complexes to the production of reactive oxygen species. J Bioenerg Biomembr 32:153–162
Pryor WA (1986) Oxy-radicals and related species: their formation, lifetimes, and reactions. Annu Rev Physiol 48:657–667
Sohal RS, Svensson I, Sohal BH (1989) Superoxide anion radical production in different animal species. Mech Ageing Dev 49:129–135
Stadtman ER, Berlett BS (1998) Reactive oxygen-mediated protein oxidation in aging and disease. Drug Metab Rev 30:225–243
Choksi KB, Boylston WH, Rabek JP et al (2004) Oxidatively damaged proteins of heart mitochondrial electron transport complexes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1688:95–101
Petrosillo G, Ruggiero FM, Pistolese M et al (2001) Reactive oxygen species generated from the mitochondrial electron transport chain induce cytochrome c dissociation from beef-heart submitochondrial particles via cardiolipin peroxidation. Possible role in the apoptosis. FEBS Lett 509:435–438
Paradies G, Petrosillo G, Pistolese M et al (2002) Reactive oxygen species affect mitochondrial electron transport complex I activity through oxidative cardiolipin damage. Gene 286:135–141
Shen Z, Wu W, Hazen SL (2000) Activated leukocytes oxidatively damage DNA, RNA, and the nucleotide pool through halide-dependent formation of hydroxyl radical. Biochemistry 39:5474–5482
LeDoux SP, Wilson GL (2001) Base excision repair of mitochondrial DNA damage in mammalian cells. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 68:273–284
Yakes FM, Van Houten B (1997) Mitochondrial DNA damage is more extensive and persists longer than nuclear DNA damage in human cells following oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:514–519
Cooper JM, Schapira AH (2003) Friedreich’s Ataxia: disease mechanisms, antioxidant and Coenzyme Q10 therapy. Biofactors 18:163–171
Nakagami H, Liao JK (2004) Statins and myocardial hypertrophy. Coron Artery Dis 15:247–250
Witztum JL, Steinberg D (1991) Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis. J Clin Invest 88:1785–1792
DiMauro S, Mancuso M, Naini A (2004) Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies: therapeutic approach. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1011:232–245
Tsutsui H, Kinugawa S, Matsushima S (2009) Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in myocardial remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 81:449–456
Lerman-Sagie T, Rustin P, Lev D et al (2001) Dramatic improvement in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy following treatment with idebenone. J Inherit Metab Dis 24:28–34
Sayed-Ahmed MM, Salman TM, Gaballah HE (2001) Propionyl-L-carnitine as protector against adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res 43:513–520
Shite J, Qin F, Mao W (2001) Antioxidant vitamins attenuate oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction in tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 38:1734–1740
Roth GA, Johnson C, Abajobir A et al (2017) Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015. Am J Cardiol 70(1):1–25. 23715
Ferrari R, Guardigli G, Mele D et al (2004) Oxidative stress during myocardial ischemia and heart failure. Curr Pharm Des 10:1699–1711
Sharma A, Fonarow GC, Butler J et al (2016) Coenzyme Q10 and heart failure: a state-of-the-art review. Circ Heart Fail 9:e002639
McMurray JJ, Dunselman P, Wedel H et al (2010) Coenzyme Q10, rosuvastatin, and clinical outcomes in heart failure: a pre-specified substudy of CORONA (Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Study in heart failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 56:1196–1204
Mortensen SA, Rosenfeldt F, Kumar A et al (2014) Q-SYMBIO Study Investigators. The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial. JACC Heart Fail 2:641–649
Shoffner JM, Wallace DC (1994) Oxidative phosphorylation diseases and mitochondrial DNA mutations: diagnosis and treatment. Annu Rev Nutr 14:535–568
Ogasahara S, Yorifuji S, Nishikawa Y et al (1985) Improvement of abnormal pyruvate metabolism and cardiac conduction defect with coenzyme Q10 in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Neurology 35:372–377
Geromel V, Darin N, Chretien D et al (2002) Coenzyme Q(10) and idebenonein the therapy of respiratory chain diseases: rationale and comparative benefits. Mol Genet Metab 77:21–30
Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S et al (2005) Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 293:1338–1347
Lipshultz SE, Rifai N, Dalton VM et al (2004) The effect of dexrazoxaneon myocardial injury in doxorubicin-treated children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 351:145–153
Kang YJ (1999) The antioxidant function of metallothionein in the heart. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 222:263–273
Ali MM, Frei E, Straub J et al (2002) Induction of metallothionein by zinc protects from daunorubicin toxicity in rats. Toxicology 179:85–93
Ungvari Z, Gupte SA, Recchia FA et al (2005) Role of oxidative-nitrosative stress and downstream pathways in various forms of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 3:221–229
Pacher P, Liaudet L, Mabley JG et al (2006) Beneficial effects of a novel ultrapotent poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitor in murine models of heart failure. Int J Mol Med 17:369–375
Thomas JP, Geiger PG, Girotti AW (1993) Lethal damage to endothelial cells by oxidized low density lipoprotein: role of selenoperoxidases in cytoprotection against lipid hydroperoxide- and iron-mediated reaction. J Lipid Res 34:479–490
Damy T, Kirsch M, Khouzami L et al (2009) Glutathione deficiency in cardiac patients is related to the functional status and structural cardiac abnormalities. PLoS One 4:e4871
Chin BS, Langford NJ, Nuttall SL et al (2003) Anti-oxidative properties of beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 5:171–174
Bauersachs J, Widder JD (2008) Endothelial dysfunction in heart failure. Pharmacol Rep 60:119–126
Duncan JG (2011) Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta, Mol Cell Res 1813:1351–1359
Zarain-Herzberg A, Rupp H (1999) Transcriptional modulators targeted at fuel metabolism of hypertrophied heart. Am J Cardiol 83:31–37
Ashrafian H, Horowitz JD, Frenneaux MP (2007) Perhexiline. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 25:76–97
Rupp H, Zarain-Herzberg A, Maisch B (2002) The use of partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitors for metabolic therapy of angina pectoris and heart failure. Herz 27:621–636
Fragasso G, PiattiMd PM, Monti L et al (2003) Short- and long-term beneficial effects of trimetazidine in patients with diabetes and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J 146:854
Chung MK (2004) Vitamins, supplements, herbal medicines, and arrhythmias. Cardiol Rev 12:73–84
Tavazzi L, Tognoni G, Franzosi MG et al (2004) Rationale and design of the GISSI heart failure trial: a large trial to assess the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in symptomatic congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 6:635–641
Siscovick DS, Barringer TA, Fretts AM et al (2017) Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (fish oil) supplementation and the prevention of clinical cardiovascular disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 135:e867–e884
Inoue K, Ando S, Itagaki T et al (2003) Intracellular calcium increasing at the beginning of reperfusion assists the early recovery of myocardial contractility after diltiazem cardioplegia. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 51:98–103
Bertolet BD (1999) Calcium antagonists in the post-myocardial infarction setting. Drugs Aging 15:461–470
Theroux P, Gregoire J, Chin C (1998) Intravenous diltiazem in acute myocardial infarction. Diltiazem as adjunctive therapy to activase (DATA) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 32:620–628
Pizzetti G, Mailhac A, Li Volsi L et al (2001) Beneficial effects of diltiazem during myocardial reperfusion: a randomized trial in acute myocardial infarction. Ital Heart J 2:757–765
Stowe DF, Kevin LG (2004) Cardiac preconditioning by volatile anesthetic agents: a defining role for altered mitochondrial bioenergetics. Antioxid Redox Signal 6:439–448
Julier K, da Silva R, Garcia C et al (2003) Preconditioning by sevoflurane decreases biochemical markers for myocardial and renal dysfunction in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Anesthesiology 98:1315–1327
Argaud L, Ovize M (2004) How to use the paradigm of ischemic preconditioning to protect the heart? Med Sci (Paris) 20:521–525
Sato T, Sasaki N, O’Rourke B et al (2000) Nicorandil, a potent cardioprotective agent, acts by opening mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels. J Am Coll Cardiol 35:514–518
Halestrap AP, Clarke SJ, Javadov SA (2004) Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening during myocardial reperfusion–a target for cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 61:372–385
Minners J, van den Bos EJ, Yellon DM et al (2000) Dinitrophenol, cyclosporin A, and trimetazidine modulate preconditioning in the isolated rat heart: support for a mitochondrial role in cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 47:68–73
Ganote CE, Armstrong SC (2003) Effects of CCCP-induced mitochondrial uncoupling and cyclosporin A on cell volume, cell injury and preconditioning protection of isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 35:749–759
Bagchi D, Sen CK, Ray SD et al (2003) Molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection by a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Mutat Res 523:87–97
Jonassen AK, Sack MN, Mjos OD et al (2001) Myocardial protection by insulin at reperfusion requires early administration and is mediated via Akt and p70s6 kinase cell-survival signaling. Circ Res 89:1191–1198
Suzuki YJ (2003) Growth factor signaling for cardioprotection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 5:741–749
Chao W, Matsui T, Novikov MS et al (2003) Strategic advantages of insulin-like growth factor-I expression for cardioprotection. J Gene Med 5:277–286
Matsui T, Li L, Wu JC et al (2002) Phenotypic spectrum caused by transgenic overexpression of activated Akt in the heart. J Biol Chem 277:22896–22901
Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP et al (2009) Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 360:961–972
Xu Z, Jiao Z, Cohen MV et al (2002) Protection from AMP 579 can be added to that from either cariporide or ischemic preconditioning in ischemic rabbit heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 40:510–518
Jessup M, Greenberg B, Mancini D et al (2011) Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (CUPID): a phase 2 trial of intracoronary gene therapy of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in patients with advanced heart failure. Circulation 124:304–313
Zsebo K, Yaroshinsky A, Rudy JJ et al (2014) Long-term effects of AAV1/SERCA2a gene transfer in patients with severe heart failure: analysis of recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality. Circ Res 114:101–108
Greenberg B, Butler J, Felker GM et al (2016) Calcium upregulation by percutaneous administration of gene therapy in patients with cardiac disease (CUPID 2): a randomised, multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet 387:1178–1186
Pleger ST, Shan C, Ksienzyk J et al (2011) Cardiac AAV9-S100A1 gene therapy rescues post-ischemic heart failure in a preclinical large animal model. Sci Transl Med 3:92ra64
Tanaka M, Nakae S, Terry RD et al (2004) Cardiomyocyte-specific Bcl-2 overexpression attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury, immune response during acute rejection, and graft coronary artery disease. Blood 104:3789–3796
Chatterjee S, Stewart AS, Bish LT et al (2002) Viral gene transfer of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 protects against chronic postischemic heart failure. Circulation 106:1212–1217
Laugwitz KL, Moretti A, Weig HJ et al (2001) Blocking caspase-activated apoptosis improves contractility in failing myocardium. Hum Gene Ther 12:2051–2063
Teshima Y, Akao M, Jones SP et al (2003) Uncoupling protein-2 overexpression inhibits mitochondrial death pathway in cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 93:192–200
Stacpoole PW, Owen R, Flotte TR (2003) The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex as a target for gene therapy. Curr Gene Ther 3:239–245
Melo LG, Agrawal R, Zhang L et al (2002) Gene therapy strategy for long-term myocardial protection using adeno-associated virusmediated delivery of hemeoxygenase gene. Circulation 105:602–607
Chung ES, Miller L, Patel AN (2015) Changes in ventricular remodelling and clinical status during the year following a single administration of stromal cell-derived factor-1 non-viral gene therapy in chronic ischaemic heart failure patients: the STOP-HF randomized Phase II trial. Eur Heart J 36:2228–2238
Pislaru S, Janssens SP, Gersh BJ et al (2002) Defining gene transfer before expecting gene therapy: putting the horse before the cart. Circulation 106:631–636
Isner JM, Vale PR, Symes JF et al (2001) Assessment of risks associated with cardiovascular gene therapy in human subjects. Circ Res 89:389–400
Baumgartner I, Isner JM (2001) Somatic gene therapy in the cardiovascular system. Annu Rev Physiol 63:427–450
Morishita R, Higaki J, Tomita N et al (1998) Application of transcription factor “decoy” strategy as means of gene therapy and study of gene expression in cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 82:1023–1028
McGregor A, Temperley R, Chrzanowska-Lightowlers Z et al (2001) Absence of expression from RNA internalised into electroporated mammalian mitochondria. Mol Gen Genomics 265:721–729
Chinnery PF, Taylor RW, Diekert K et al (1999) Peptide nucleic acid delivery to human mitochondria. Gene Ther 6:1919–1928
Muratovska A, Lightowlers RN, Taylor RW et al (2001) Targeting peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers to mitochondria within cells by conjugation to lipophilic cations: implications for mitochondrial DNA replication, expression and disease. Nucleic Acids Res 29:1852–1863
Flierl A, Jackson C, Cottrell B et al (2003) Targeted delivery of DNA to the mitochondrial compartment viaimport sequence-conjugated peptide nucleic acid. Mol Ther 7:550–557
D’Souza GG, Rammohan R, Cheng SM et al (2003) DQAsome-mediated delivery of plasmid DNA toward mitochondria in living cells. J Control Release 92:189–197
Smith RA, Porteous CM, Gane AM et al (2003) Delivery of bioactive molecules to mitochondria in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:5407–5412
Zhao K, Zhao GM, Wu D et al (2004) Cell-permeable peptide antioxidant stargeted to inner mitochondrial membrane inhibit mitochondrial swelling, oxidative cell death, and reperfusion injury. J Biol Chem 279:34682–34690
Karantalis V, Hare JM (2015) Use of mesenchymal stem cells for therapy of cardiac disease. Circ Res 116:1413–1430
Beltrami AP, Barlucchi L, Torella D et al (2003) Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration. Cell 114:763–776
Maitra A, Arking DE, Shivapurkar N et al (2005) Genomic alterations in cultured human embryonic stem cells. Nat Genet 37:1099–1103
Falk MJ, Sondheimer N (2010) Mitochondrial genetic diseases. Curr Opin Pediatr 22:711–716
Davis RL, Liang C, Sue CM (2018) Mitochondrial diseases. Handb Clin Neurol 147:125–141
Gnecchi M, He H, Liang OD et al (2005) Paracrine action accounts for marked protection of ischemic heart by Akt-modified mesenchymal stem cells. Nat Med 11:367–368
Amado LC, Saliaris AP, Schuleri KH et al (2005) Cardiac repair with intramyocardial injection of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells after myocardial infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci 102:11474–11479
Markel TA, Wang Y, Herrmann JL et al (2008) VEGF is critical for stem cell-mediated cardioprotection and a crucial paracrine factor for defining the age threshold in adult and neonatal stem cell function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295:H2308–H2314
Rehman J, Traktuev D, Li J et al (2004) Secretion of angiogenic and antiapoptotic factors by human adipose stromal cells. Circulation 109:1292–1298
Noiseux N, Gnecchi M, Lopez-Ilasaca M et al (2006) Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing Akt dramatically repair infarcted myocardium and improve cardiac function despite infrequent cellular fusion or differentiation. Mol Ther 14:840–850
Willems E, Cabral-Teixeira J, Schade D et al (2012) Small molecule-mediated TGFβ Type II receptor degradation promotes cardiomyogenesis in embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 11:242–252
Tse HF, Yiu KH, Lau CP (2007) Bone marrow stem cell therapy for myocardial angiogenesis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 5:103–112
Hatzistergos KE, Quevedo H, Oskouei BN et al (2010) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stimulate cardiac stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Circ Res 107:913–922
Loffredo FS, Steinhauser ML, Gannon J et al (2011) Bone marrow-derived cell therapy stimulates endogenous cardiomyocyte progenitors and promotes cardiac repair. Cell Stem Cell 8:389–398
Suzuki G, Iyer V, Lee TC et al (2011) Autologous mesenchymal stem cells mobilize ckit+ and cd133+ bone marrow progenitor cells and improve regional function in hibernating myocardium. Circ Res 109:1044–1054
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Samanta, B., Banerjee, S., Nandy, S.K., Chakraborti, S. (2019). Targeting Mitochondria for Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease. In: Chakraborti, S., Dhalla, N., Dikshit, M., Ganguly, N. (eds) Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Heart Disease. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8946-7_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8946-7_28
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-8945-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-8946-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)