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Renal Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Therapies pp 381–406Cite as

Inflammatory Mediators and Renal Fibrosis

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1165))

Abstract

Renal inflammation is the initial, healthy response to renal injury. However, prolonged inflammation promotes the fibrosis process, which leads to chronic pathology and eventually end-stage kidney disease. There are two major sources of inflammatory cells: first, bone marrow-derived leukocytes that include neutrophils, macrophages, fibrocytes and mast cells, and second, locally activated kidney cells such as mesangial cells, podocytes, tubular epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. These activated cells produce many profibrotic cytokines and growth factors that cause accumulation and activation of myofibroblasts, and enhance the production of the extracellular matrix. In particular, activated macrophages are key mediators that drive acute inflammation into chronic kidney disease. They produce large amounts of profibrotic factors and modify the microenvironment via a paracrine effect, and they also transdifferentiate to myofibroblasts directly, although the origin of myofibroblasts in the fibrosing kidney remains controversial. Collectively, understanding inflammatory cell functions and mechanisms during renal fibrosis is paramount to improving diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease.

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Acknowledgements

This laboratory is supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China 81300580 and 81570623) and by Science and Technological Fund of Anhui Province for Outstanding Youth of China (Grant number: 1608085J07).

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  1. School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China

    Xiao-Ming Meng

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  1. Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Bi-Cheng Liu

  2. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

    Hui-Yao Lan

  3. Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Lin-Li Lv

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© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Meng, XM. (2019). Inflammatory Mediators and Renal Fibrosis. In: Liu, BC., Lan, HY., Lv, LL. (eds) Renal Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Therapies. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1165. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_18

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