Abstract
Diseases caused by trypanosomatids include leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.), Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), and sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei) that affect millions of people, especially low-income populations, being classified as neglected tropical diseases. Limitations in the clinical treatment, associated with the huge number of cases, make these infections a health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. To complete their life cycle, trypanosomatids survive to environmental changes in different hosts, including oxidative stress. A paradoxal role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been proposed, such as signaling as a proliferation regulator or even presenting cytotoxic activity, depending on the concentration. Mitochondrial electron transport chain, especially complex III, is figured as one of the most important ROS resources in trypanosomatids. In relation to antioxidant defenses, trypanothione pathway plays a crucial role, being a peculiar thiol-redox system responsible for the maintenance of protozoa functions mediated by thiol-dependent processes. In this chapter, we discuss the biological aspects of oxidative stress in trypanosomatids and its implications for the success of the infection. The possible ROS resources in these protozoa and their consequent antioxidant machinery involved in detoxification were also focused in this review, including alternative strategies for the development of new drugs for these diseases based on oxidative stress modulation.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dra. Claudia M. d´Ávila-Levy for her critical reading and English grammar corrections. The present study was supported by grants from Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and Papes/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz).
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Bombaça, A.C.S., de Oliveira, L.G.F., Almeida-Amaral, E.E., Menna-Barreto, R.F.S. (2019). The Biological Impact of Oxidative Metabolism in Trypanosomatid Parasites: What Is the Perfect Balance Between Reactive Species Production and Antioxidant Defenses?. In: Chakraborti, S., Chakraborti, T., Chattopadhyay, D., Shaha, C. (eds) Oxidative Stress in Microbial Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8763-0_8
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