Abstract
Monitoring heritage buildings and sites is an essential part of preserving their architectural, artistic, historic, and social values and developing possible techniques to save their structures and environments.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Amer, R., & Abou Hamed, F. (2011). Optimal study design for Wind farm in Arwad Island. Energy Procedia, 6, 721–735.
Antiquities and Museums Department in Tartous. (2015). Arwad Island’s historic buildings. Tartous, Syria: Antiquities and Museums Department, historic buildings section.
ASHRAE, ANSI. (1992). Standard 55–1992, Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
ASHRAE, ANSI. (2004). Standard 55–2004, Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineering
ASHRAE, ANSI. (2010). ANSI/ASHRAE 55–2010 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineering
Bashour, N. (2011). Documentation of the old city of Tartous. Damascus: Tartous Governorate in cooperation with the Municipal Management Modernization Program (MAM), funded by the European Union
Becker, R., & Paciuk, M. (2009). Thermal comfort in residential buildings—failure to predict by Standard model. Building and Environment, 44, 948–960.
Braune, M. (1985). Die mittelalterlichen Befestigungen der Stadt Tortosa-Tartūs: Vorbericht der Untersuchungen 1981–1982. Damaszener Mitteilungen: Verlag Philipp von Zabern (p. 2).
BSI. (2008). BS EN 15251:2007, Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics. London: British Standards Institute.
Buratti, C., & Ricciardi, P. (2009). Adaptive analysis of thermal comfort in university classrooms: Correlation between experimental data and mathematical models. Building and Environment, 44, 674–687.
Chongqing University, Chinese Academy of Architectural Sciences. (2012). Evaluation standard for indoor thermal environment in civil buildings GB/T 50785-2012 (In Chinese) (pp. 11–12). Beijing: China Construction Industry Press.
de Abreu, P. G., et al. (2011). Estimativa da Temperatura de Globo Negro a Partir da Temperatura de Bulbo Seco. ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA/Engineering in Agriculture, 19(6), 557–563.
De Dear, R. & Brager, G. S., (1998). Developing an adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference. Ashrae Trans, 104(1), 73–81(9)
Deschamps, P. (1973). Les châteaux des croisés en Terre-Sainte III (Vol. 19). Paris: P. Geuthner.
Fanger, P. O. & Toftum, J., (2001). Thermal comfort in the future-excellence and expectation. In Conference on moving thermal comfort standards into the 21st century. Oxford Brookes University, s.l., s.n
Hassan, M., & Rahmoun, T. (2016). Protection strategy of the climate change for coastal heritage sites in Syria (pp. 474–483). Nanjing: China, Digital Media press of Nanjing University.
Hassan, M., Xie, H., & Rahmoun, T. (2018). Field study in the residential buildings in the old city of Tartous in Syria during the summer period. In Resilient & Responsible Architecture & Urbanism (RRAU) Conference. Groningen, Netherlands: s.n
ISO7726. (1998). International Standard ISO 7726. Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment, Instruments For Measuring Physical Quantities. Geneva: International Standard Organization.
Karfoul, D., & Mouton, J.-M. (2008). La conception architecturale de l’habitat urbain en orient meditarraneen du xiv au xix siecles-etude d architecture domestique-l exemple de la vieill ville Tartous, Syrie (Doctoral dissertation). Lyon: Université Lumière Lyon 2
Kennedy, H. (1994). Crusader castles. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
McIntyre, D. (1980). Design requirements for a comfortable environment. Bioengineering. In K. Cena & J. A. Clark, (Eds.), Thermal Physiology and Comfort (pp. 157–168). Amsterdam: Elsevier
Meteorological Center of Tartous. (2016). Third and fourth periodic reports of August for the year 2015. Tartous: Meteorological Center of Tartous, Syria.
Neglia, G. A. (2009). The Multicultural fabric of the crusader citadel of tartous in Syria. In A. Petruccioli & A. Sarro (Eds.), Beyond the wall, notes an multicultural mediterranean landscape (pp. 39–50). Bari, Italy: Uniongrafica Corcelli.
Nematchoua, M. K., Tchinda, R., & Orosa, J. A. (2014). Thermal comfort and energy consumption in modern versus traditional buildings in Cameroon: A questionnaire-based statistical study. Appl Energy, 114, 687–699.
Pillet, M. (1929). Notre-Dame de Tortose. Syria. Archéologie, Art et histoire, 10(1), 40–51.
Rey, E. G. (1866). Essai sur la domination française en Syrie durant le moyen âge. Paris: Impr. E. Thunot.
Ricciardia, P., & Buratti, C. (2015). Thermal comfort in the Fraschini theatre (Pavia, Italy): Correlation between data from questionnaires, measurements, and mathematical model. Energy and Buildings, 99, 243–252.
Ricciardia, P., Zilettib, A., & Burattic, C. (2016). Evaluation of thermal comfort in an historical Italian opera theatre by the calculation of the neutral comfort temperature. Building and Environment, 102, 116–127.
Tyler, H. et al. (2017). CBE Thermal Comfort Tool ASHRAE-55. [Online] Available at: http://comfort.cbe.berkeley.edu/
Yao, R., Li, B., & Liu, J. (2009). A theoretical adaptive model of thermal comfort–Adaptive Predicted Mean Vote (aPMV). Building and Environment, 44(10), 2089–2096.
Zhu, Y., et al. (2008). Experimental Study on the Influence of Operating Temperature, Clothing Thermal Resistance and Season on Human Thermal Sensation in Partial Thermal Environment (In Chinese). National Academic Collection of HVAC Refrigeration
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hassan, M., Xie, H. (2020). Microclimate Field Survey in the Old City of Tartous, Syria. In: Climate Change and Conservation of Coastal Built Heritage. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8672-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8672-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-8671-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-8672-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)