Elder Abuse in Chinese Populations

Yan, Elsie

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8610-7_28

Elsie Yan²

1037 Accesses
1 Citations

Abstract

The number of older persons exposed to domestic violence is expected to increase drastically as many countries across the globe are rapidly aging. This is especially true for Chinese populations. In 2013, the proportion of people in the People’s Republic of China aged 60 and over reached 14.8% (Y. Zhang, “China National Human Development Report 2013: Sustainable and Liveable Cities: Toward Ecological Civilization.” Beijing, China: UNDP 2013). This number expected to exceed 443 million by 2050 (“United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division (2012): World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision”. Accessed March 15, 2018. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/publications/world-population-prospects-the-2012-revision.html). The present chapter summarizes available literature on the rate and risk factors associated with elder abuse in Chinese populations. Effort is made to discuss the unique cultural values and summarize current policy and legislation on elder abuse in Chinese communities.

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Notes

1.
National Research Council, Elder Mistreatment: Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation in an Aging America, 2003, 40.
2.
Georgia Anetzberger, “The Clinical Management of Elder Abuse,” 2004, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203049495.
3.
C. P. Mouton et al., “Psychosocial Effects of Physical and Verbal Abuse in Postmenopausal Women,” The Annals of Family Medicine 8, no. 3 (2010).
4.
Xinqi Dong, Todd Beck, and Melissa A. Simon, “Loneliness and Mistreatment of Older Chinese Women: Does Social Support Matter?” Journal of Women & Aging 21, no. 4 (2009).
5.
National Research Council, Elder Mistreatment: Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation in an Aging America, 2003, 40.
6.
T. Fulmer, G. Paveza, and L. Guadagno, “Elder abuse and Neglect: Policy Issues for Two Very Different Problems,” Public Policy & Aging Report 12, no. 2 (2002).
7.
Canadian Crime Statistics 2000 (Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada, 2000).
8.
Gerry Bennett and Paul Kingston, Elder abuse: concepts, theories and interventions (New York: Chapman & Hall, 1994).
9.
Y. Zhang, “China National Human Development Report 2013: Sustainable and Liveable Cities: Toward Ecological Civilization.” Beijing, China: UNDP (2013).
10.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division (2012): World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.” Accessed March 15, 2018. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/publications/world-population-prospects-the-2012-revision.html.
11.
Xinqi Dong, Melissa A. Simon, and Martin Gorbien, “Elder Abuse and Neglect in an Urban Chinese Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 19, no. 3–4 (2007).
12.
Xinqi Dong and Melissa A. Simon, “Is Greater Social Support a Protective Factor against Elder Mistreatment?” Gerontology 54, no. 6 (2008).
13.
Xinqi Dong, Melissa Andrea Simon, “Is Impairment in Physical Function Associated with Increased Risk of Elder MistreatMent? Findings from a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Public Health Reports 125, no. 5 (2010).
14.
Li Wu et al., “Prevalence and Associated Factors of Elder Mistreatment in a Rural Community in Peoples Republic of China: A Cross-Sectional Study,” PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (2012).
15.
Elsie Yan and Catherine So-Kum Tang, “Prevalence and Psychological Impact of Chinese Elder Abuse,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 16, no. 11 (2001).
16.
Elsie Chau-Wai Yan and Catherine So-Kum Tang, “Elder Abuse by Caregivers: A Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors in Hong Kong Chinese Families,” Journal of Family Violence 19, no. 5 (2004).
17.
Elsie Yan and Timothy Kwok, “Abuse of older Chinese with dementia by family caregivers: an inquiry into the role of caregiver burden,” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 26, no. 5 (2010).
18.
Elsie Yan, “Abuse of older persons with dementia by family caregivers: results of a 6-month prospective study in Hong Kong,” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 29, no. 10 (2014).
19.
Elsie Yan and Catherine So-Kum Tang, “Proclivity to Elder Abuse,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, no. 9 (2003).
20.
Jing-Jy Wang, “Psychological abuse and its characteristic correlates among elderly Taiwanese,” Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 42, no. 3 (2006).
21.
Jing-Jy Wang, “Psychological Abuse Behavior Exhibited by Caregivers in the Care of the Elderly and Correlated Factors in Long-Term Care Facilities in Taiwan,” Journal of Nursing Research 13, no. 4 (2005).
22.
Jing-Jy Wang, Jong-Ni Lin, and Feng-Ping Lee, “Psychologically Abusive Behavior by Those Caring for the Elderly in a Domestic Context,” Geriatric Nursing 27, no. 5 (2006).
23.
Daniel W. L. Lai, “Abuse and Neglect Experienced by Aging Chinese in Canada,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 23, no. 4 (2011).
24.
X. Dong, “Do the Definitions of Elder Mistreatment Subtypes Matter? Findings From the PINE Study,” The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 69, no. Suppl 2 (2014).
25.
Xinqi Dong and Bei Wang, “Incidence of Elder Abuse in a U.S. Chinese Population: Findings From the Longitudinal Cohort PINE Study,” The Journals of Gerontology: Series A 72, no. Suppl_1 (2017).
26.
Xinqi Dong, Melissa Andrea Simon, “Is Impairment in Physical Function Associated with Increased Risk of Elder MistreatMent? Findings from a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Public Health Reports 125, no. 5 (2010).
27.
Xinqi Dong and Melissa Andrea Simon, “Urban and Rural Variations in the Characteristics Associated With Elder Mistreatment in a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 25, no. 2 (2013).
28.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Loneliness in Older Chinese Adults: A Risk Factor for Elder Mistreatment,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, no. 11 (2007).
29.
Xinqi Dong, Melissa Andrea Simon, “Is Impairment in Physical Function Associated with Increased Risk of Elder MistreatMent? Findings from a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Public Health Reports 125, no. 5 (2010).
30.
Li Wu et al., “Prevalence and Associated Factors of Elder Mistreatment in a Rural Community in Peoples Republic of China: A Cross-Sectional Study,” PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (2012), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033857.
31.
Xinqi Dong and Melissa A. Simon, “Is Greater Social Support a Protective Factor against Elder Mistreatment?” Gerontology 54, no. 6 (2008).
32.
Li Wu et al., “Prevalence and Associated Factors of Elder Mistreatment in a Rural Community in Peoples Republic of China: A Cross-Sectional Study,” PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (2012).
33.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Loneliness in Older Chinese Adults: A Risk Factor for Elder Mistreatment,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, no. 11 (2007).
34.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Depression and Elder Abuse and Neglect Among a Community-Dwelling Chinese Elderly Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 20, no. 1 (2008).
35.
Xinqi Dong and Melissa Andrea Simon, “Urban and Rural Variations in the Characteristics Associated With Elder Mistreatment in a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 25, no. 2 (2013).
36.
X. Dong, “Do the Definitions of Elder Mistreatment Subtypes Matter? Findings From the PINE Study,” The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 69, no. Suppl 2 (2014).
37.
Li Wu et al., “Prevalence and Associated Factors of Elder Mistreatment in a Rural Community in Peoples Republic of China: A Cross-Sectional Study,” PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (2012).
38.
Elsie Yan and Timothy Kwok, “Abuse of older Chinese with dementia by family caregivers: an inquiry into the role of caregiver burden,” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 26, no. 5 (2010).
39.
Elsie Yan, “Abuse of older persons with dementia by family caregivers: results of a 6-month prospective study in Hong Kong,” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 29, no. 10 (2014).
40.
Xinqi Dong and Melissa Andrea Simon, “Urban and Rural Variations in the Characteristics Associated With Elder Mistreatment in a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 25, no. 2 (2013).
41.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Loneliness in Older Chinese Adults: A Risk Factor for Elder Mistreatment,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, no. 11 (2007).
42.
Xinqi Dong and Melissa A. Simon, “Is Greater Social Support a Protective Factor against Elder Mistreatment?” Gerontology 54, no. 6 (2008).
43.
Xinqi Dong and Melissa Andrea Simon, “Urban and Rural Variations in the Characteristics Associated With Elder Mistreatment in a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 25, no. 2 (2013).
44.
Li Wu et al., “Prevalence and Associated Factors of Elder Mistreatment in a Rural Community in Peoples Republic of China: A Cross-Sectional Study,” PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (2012).
45.
Daniel W. L. Lai, “Abuse and Neglect Experienced by Aging Chinese in Canada,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 23, no. 4 (2011).
46.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Depression and Elder Abuse and Neglect Among a Community-Dwelling Chinese Elderly Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 20, no. 1 (2008).
47.
Li Wu et al., “Prevalence and Associated Factors of Elder Mistreatment in a Rural Community in Peoples Republic of China: A Cross-Sectional Study,” PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (2012).
48.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Loneliness in Older Chinese Adults: A Risk Factor for Elder Mistreatment,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, no. 11 (2007).
49.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Depression and Elder Abuse and Neglect Among a Community-Dwelling Chinese Elderly Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 20, no. 1 (2008).
50.
Xinqi Dong and Melissa Andrea Simon, “Urban and Rural Variations in the Characteristics Associated With Elder Mistreatment in a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 25, no. 2 (2013).
51.
Li Wu et al., “Prevalence and Associated Factors of Elder Mistreatment in a Rural Community in Peoples Republic of China: A Cross-Sectional Study,” PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (2012), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033857.
52.
Elsie Chau-Wai Yan and Catherine So-Kum Tang, “Elder Abuse by Caregivers: A Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors in Hong Kong Chinese Families,” Journal of Family Violence 19, no. 5 (2004).
53.
Jing-Jy Wang, “Psychological abuse and its characteristic correlates among elderly Taiwanese,” Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 42, no. 3 (2006).
54.
Xinqi Dong, Melissa Andrea Simon, “Is Impairment in Physical Function Associated with Increased Risk of Elder MistreatMent? Findings from a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Public Health Reports 125, no. 5 (2010).
55.
Xinqi Dong and Melissa Andrea Simon, “Urban and Rural Variations in the Characteristics Associated With Elder Mistreatment in a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 25, no. 2 (2013).
56.
Jing-Jy Wang, “Psychological abuse and its characteristic correlates among elderly Taiwanese,” Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 42, no. 3 (2006).
57.
Li Wu et al., “Prevalence and Associated Factors of Elder Mistreatment in a Rural Community in Peoples Republic of China: A Cross-Sectional Study,” PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (2012).
58.
Xinqi Dong and Melissa Andrea Simon, “Urban and Rural Variations in the Characteristics Associated With Elder Mistreatment in a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 25, no. 2 (2013).
59.
Li Wu et al., “Prevalence and Associated Factors of Elder Mistreatment in a Rural Community in Peoples Republic of China: A Cross-Sectional Study,” PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (2012).
60.
Xinqi Dong, Melissa Andrea Simon, “Is Impairment in Physical Function Associated with Increased Risk of Elder MistreatMent? Findings from a Community-Dwelling Chinese Population,” Public Health Reports 125, no. 5 (2010).
61.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Depression and Elder Abuse and Neglect Among a Community-Dwelling Chinese Elderly Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 20, no. 1 (2008).
62.
Xinqi Dong and Melissa A. Simon, “Is Greater Social Support a Protective Factor against Elder Mistreatment?” Gerontology 54, no. 6 (2008).
63.
Ibid.
64.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Loneliness in Older Chinese Adults: A Risk Factor for Elder Mistreatment,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, no. 11 (2007).
65.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Depression and Elder Abuse and Neglect Among a Community-Dwelling Chinese Elderly Population,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 20, no. 1 (2008).
66.
Xinqi Dong, Todd Beck, and Melissa A. Simon, “Loneliness and Mistreatment of Older Chinese Women: Does Social Support Matter?” Journal of Women & Aging 21, no. 4 (2009).
67.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Loneliness in Older Chinese Adults: A Risk Factor for Elder Mistreatment,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, no. 11 (2007).
68.
Xinqi Dong, Todd Beck, and Melissa A. Simon, “Loneliness and Mistreatment of Older Chinese Women: Does Social Support Matter?” Journal of Women & Aging 21, no. 4 (2009).
69.
Daniel W. L. Lai, “Abuse and Neglect Experienced by Aging Chinese in Canada,” Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 23, no. 4 (2011).
70.
Elsie Chau-Wai Yan and Catherine So-Kum Tang, “Elder Abuse by Caregivers: A Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors in Hong Kong Chinese Families,” Journal of Family Violence 19, no. 5 (2004).
71.
Jing-Jy Wang, “Psychological Abuse Behavior Exhibited by Caregivers in the Care of the Elderly and Correlated Factors in Long-Term Care Facilities in Taiwan,” Journal of Nursing Research 13, no. 4 (2005).
72.
Elsie Yan and Timothy Kwok, “Abuse of older Chinese with dementia by family caregivers: an inquiry into the role of caregiver burden,” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 26, no. 5 (2010).
73.
Jing-Jy Wang et al., “Caregiver factors contributing to psychological elder abuse behavior in long-term care facilities: a structural equation model approach,” International Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 02 (2009).
74.
Elsie Yan and Catherine So-Kum Tang, “Proclivity to Elder Abuse,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, no. 9 (2003).
75.
A. H Lin, Study of Filial Piety in Confucious Thought. (Taiwan: Wenjin, 1992).
76.
Sheung-Tak Cheng and Jenny W. H. Chan, “Well-Being and Filial Piety,” Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, (2014).
77.
Kyu-Taik Sung, “Elder respect: exploration of ideals and forms in East Asia,” Journal of Aging Studies 15, no. 1 (2001).
78.
William Keng-Mun Lee and Kwok Hong-Kin, “Differences in expectations and patterns of informal support for older persons in Hong Kong: Modification to filial piety,” Ageing International 30, no. 2 (2005): https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-005-1011-1.
79.
Sik Hung Ng et al., “Communication Correlates of Individualism and Collectivism,” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 19, no. 1 (2000).
80.
Yoon-Ro Lee and Kyu-Taik Sung, “Cultural Differences in Caregiving Motivations for Demented Parents: Korean Caregivers versus American Caregivers,” The International Journal of Aging and Human Development 44, no. 2 (1997).
81.
Hsiu-Hsin Tsai, Mei-Hui Chen, and Yun-Fang Tsai, “Perceptions of filial piety among Taiwanese university students,” Journal of Advanced Nursing 63, no. 3 (2008).
82.
Sandra Tam and Sheila Neysmith, “Disrespect and Isolation: Elder Abuse in Chinese Communities,” Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 25, no. 02 (2006).
83.
Xinqi Dong et al., “How Do U.S. Chinese Older Adults View Elder Mistreatment? Findings From a Community-Based Participatory Research Study,” Journal of Aging and Health 23, no. 2 (2010).
84.
“Elder Abuse in Hong Kong,” Hong Kong Christian Service, accessed March 15, 2018. http://www.swd.gov.hk/doc/family/eld_abuse_rep.pdf.
85.
Xinqi Dong et al., “Loneliness in Older Chinese Adults: A Risk Factor for Elder Mistreatment,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 55, no. 11 (2007):.
86.
Elsie Yan and Catherine So-Kum Tang, “Prevalence and Psychological Impact of Chinese Elder Abuse,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 16, no. 11 (2001):.
87.
Sheung-Tak Cheng and Jenny W. H. Chan, “Well-Being and Filial Piety,” Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 2014:.
88.
Kyu-Taik Sung, “Elder respect: exploration of ideals and forms in East Asia,” Journal of Aging Studies 15, no. 1 (2001).
89.
Lucy Yu, “Patterns of filial belief and behavior within the contemporary Chinese American family,” International Journal of Sociology of the Family 13, no. 1 (1983).
90.
Elsie Yan, “Abuse of older persons with dementia by family caregivers: results of a 6-month prospective study in Hong Kong,” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 29, no. 10 (2014).

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The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Elsie Yan

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Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Mala Kapur Shankardass

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Yan, E. (2020). Elder Abuse in Chinese Populations. In: Shankardass, M. (eds) International Handbook of Elder Abuse and Mistreatment. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8610-7_28

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8610-7_28
Published: 10 August 2019
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