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Relevance of Microbial Diversity in Implicating Soil Restoration and Health Management

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Soil Health Restoration and Management

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Abstract

Soil comprises three interconnected factors responsible for its fertility including physical, chemical, and biological. The soil fertility depends upon the diversity of living microorganisms in the soil and their interaction with other physicochemical components, which accounts for their higher complexity and dynamic behavior. It has been documented as the well-understood component for soil fertility. Along with maintaining the soil fertility, soil microorganisms also impart essential roles in the nutrient biogeochemical cycles that are the fundamentals of life on the earth. A small amount of soil exhibits a great deal of microbial diversity, which includes bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Bacteria comprise dominating population in the soil followed by actinomycetes, fungi, algae, and protozoa. It has been reported that one gram of soil may contain 109–1010 prokaryotes including bacteria-archaea and actinomycetes, 104–107 protists, ∼100 m of fungal hyphae, and 108–109 viruses. The rhizosphere, a narrow zone influenced by plant roots, provides an active habitat for abundant microbes and is considered as one of the most complex ecosystems on the earth. To improve soil health and plant growth performance, it is important to know about the occurrence of diverse microbes and their behavior and role in the rhizosphere microbiome. Moreover, the ability of root exudates for mediating plant–microbe and plant–microbiome interactions could maintain agricultural practices sustainable. This chapter explores the utility and functioning of soil microbial diversity in terms of its agricultural relevance and subsequent increased crop production so that the growing world population scenario could conquer. The microbial population has not been promoted effectively in agricultural practices till date because several beneficial soil microbes are still not explored. So, the chapter insights the various modern molecular tools that will provide an opportunity to discover new species currently unknown to science.

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Abbreviations

SOM:

Soil organic matter

DOM:

Dissolved organic matter

C:

Carbon

CLPP:

Community level physiological profile

SCSU:

Sole-carbon-source utilization

CSUP:

Carbon substrate utilization profiles

TTC:

Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride

DGGE:

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

MPN:

Most probable number

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester

PLFA:

Phospholipid fatty acid

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

ARDRA:

Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis

Co:

DNA concentration

t:

Incubation time

MATE:

Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion

PGPR:

Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria

QS:

Quorum sensing

IVET:

In vivo expression technology

AMF:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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  1. Department of Basic Science, College of Forestry, Dr. YSP University of Horticulture & Forestry Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Sunita Devi

  2. Regional Centre of Organic Farming, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

    Ruchi Soni

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  1. Sunita Devi
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Correspondence to Ruchi Soni .

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  1. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

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Devi, S., Soni, R. (2020). Relevance of Microbial Diversity in Implicating Soil Restoration and Health Management. In: Meena, R. (eds) Soil Health Restoration and Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8570-4_5

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