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Biodiversity and Biotechnological Applications of Microorganisms Associated with Tropical Plants

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Microbiome in Plant Health and Disease

Abstract

According to the World Trade Organization, the largest agrarian producers in the world are in the tropics. Moreover, the appreciated global resources of biological diversity also occur in tropical areas, such as the Amazon, which is considered one of the chief rain forests and plays a significant role in protection and discovery of novel microbial, plant, and animal species. However, data from tropical regions are scarce. Little is known about the great biodiversity of microorganisms and the application of these resources to improve tropical agriculture. Tropical agriculture presents more problems of greater complexity than agriculture in temperate climates. One approach for solving some agricultural problems in the tropics is sustainable use of microorganisms. Efficient microbes have shown potential in the agricultural field for use in plant development and growth promotion, mostly by delivering valuable compounds to their host plants. Microbial plant growth promoters may improve crop development and growth in numerous biological ways, such as production of secondary metabolites (for example, plant development hormones, including auxins), production of siderophores, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation. Microorganisms have also received considerable attention because of their potential for use as agents for biological control of various plant fungal pathogens and bacterial diseases. There are numerous processes associated with plant–pathogen hostility. The competition for space and nutrients in the host plant, in the rhizospheric region, and in the soil can be fierce, as can the production of antimicrobial complexes that directly affect plant pathogens. These mainly include lytic enzymes, antibiotics, volatile organic compounds, and other compounds. This review discusses studies on the microorganism diversity that is present in well-established tropical crops, with examples of successful use of microorganisms in solving tropical problems, with the aim being to achieve more sustainable agriculture.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

    João Lúcio Azevedo & Maria Carolina Quecine

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  1. João Lúcio Azevedo
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  2. Maria Carolina Quecine
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Correspondence to João Lúcio Azevedo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Vivek Kumar

  2. School of Environmental Science & Engg, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

    Ram Prasad

  3. Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

    Manoj Kumar

  4. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Devendra K. Choudhary

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Azevedo, J.L., Quecine, M.C. (2019). Biodiversity and Biotechnological Applications of Microorganisms Associated with Tropical Plants. In: Kumar, V., Prasad, R., Kumar, M., Choudhary, D. (eds) Microbiome in Plant Health and Disease. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8495-0_13

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