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Image Segmentation and Grain Size Measurements of Palm Kernel Shell Powder

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Advances in Material Sciences and Engineering

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering ((LNME))

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Abstract

Image segmentation is one of the essential tools to determine the foreground from background and at the same time enhance visual perception for better understanding through image manipulation. It is very useful for pattern recognition and image processing. This enables users to determine the high quality and high resolutions of the final result of the analysis. In this present study, PKS-Powder has been characterized with the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. Digital Vibratory milling machine was employed for the mechanical milling at the time interval of 0, 10, 15 and 20 min. ImageJ software was employed for image processing by sectioning an image into various regions using thresholding segmentation method. It was revealed that at 0 min (i.e. 300 µm sieved), it has the highest mean area value of 127.169 µm2 and area standard deviation of 4,091.487 µm2 with the least value of a number of particle size distribution of 458 µm. In contrast, 20 min milled has the lowest values for mean area and area standard deviation of 52.913 µm2 and 795.413 µm2 respectively with the highest number of particle size distribution of 1,315 µm. It was observed that milling time increases the number of particle sizes distributions and reduces the area of particle size. EDX analysis revealed that Ca, Al, Si, Fe, C, K, and O are the main elemental constituents of PKS-powder.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa

    Omolayo M. Ikumapayi & Esther T. Akinlabi

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria

    Esther T. Akinlabi

Authors
  1. Omolayo M. Ikumapayi
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  2. Esther T. Akinlabi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Omolayo M. Ikumapayi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

    Mokhtar Awang

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

    Seyed Sattar Emamian

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Farazila Yusof

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Ikumapayi, O.M., Akinlabi, E.T. (2020). Image Segmentation and Grain Size Measurements of Palm Kernel Shell Powder. In: Awang, M., Emamian, S., Yusof, F. (eds) Advances in Material Sciences and Engineering. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8297-0_29

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8297-0_29

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-8296-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-8297-0

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

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