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Oxidative Stress in Heart Diseases pp 325–362Cite as

Role of Oxidative Stress in Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction

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Abstract

Myocardial ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and myocardial infarction (MI) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease in developed and developing countries worldwide. Much basic and translational research has elucidated how the determinants of myocardial O2 supply and demand modulate cardiac function and dysfunction and underscored how maintaining the balance between O2 supply and demand is essential in therapeutic efforts to interrupt the progression of myocardial ischemia, I/R and MI. Moving forward, while the timely restoration of myocardial blood flow and O2 supply has been shown to save muscle and lives, efforts to prevent I/R injury and reperfusion damage have been frustrating for nearly four decades despite recognition that the major culprit was the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated oxidative stress (OXS). Ongoing translational research is therefore focused on providing a broader understanding of the biology of OXS, identifying the key players in ROS regulation and dysregulation, and unravelling pathways and targets for intervention. Such data may allow future development of novel pharmacological treatments and strategies for the limitation and prevention of ROS-induced damage during myocardial ischemia, I/R and MI. If these efforts succeed, the clinical and socioeconomic impact will likely be tremendous.

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Abbreviations

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

ATP:

adenosine triphosphate

BH4:

tetrahydrobiopterin

CABG:

coronary artery bypass surgery

CaMKII:

Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II

cGMP:

cyclic guanosine monophosphate

CP:

creatine phosphate

DES:

drug-eluting stents

DTB:

door-to-balloon

ETC:

electron transfer chain

FACoA:

long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA

FAcarn:

long-chain fatty-acyl-carnitine

GIK:

glucose-insulin-potassium

GLP-1:

anti-diabetic glucagon-like peptide-1

GTP:

guanosine triphosphate

H2O2 :

hydrogen peroxide

HOCl:

hypochlorous acid

IL:

interleukin

I/R:

ischemia-reperfusion

IRA:

infarct-related artery

LAD:

left anterior descending

LC:

left circumflex

LV:

left ventricular

MI:

myocardial infarction

MPTP:

mitochondrial permeability transition pore

MRI:

magnetic resonance imaging

MVO2:

myocardial oxygen consumption

•NO:

nitric oxide

NOO- :

NO-derived peroxynitrite

NOS:

nitric oxide synthase

NOX:

NADPH oxidase

NSTEMI:

non-ST segment elevation MI

O2 :

oxygen

OFRs:

oxygen free radicals

OXS:

oxidative stress

•OH:

hydroxyl radical

PCI:

percutaneous coronary intervention

PDH:

pyruvate dehydrogenase

PKG:

phosphokinase G

PPARs:

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

PPCI:

primary PCI

PTP:

permeability transition pore

O2•− :

superoxide anion radical

RCT:

randomized clinical trial

RIP3:

receptor-interacting protein 3

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SERCA:

sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium transport ATPase

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

SR:

sarcoplasmic reticulum

STEMI:

ST-segment elevation MI

TAG:

triacyl glycerol

TNF:

tumor necrosis factor.

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  1. Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Walter MacKenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Bodh I. Jugdutt & Bernadine A. Jugdutt

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

  2. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Naranjan S Dhalla

  3. Translational Health Science and Technology (THSTI), Department of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India

    Nirmal K Ganguly

  4. Translational Health Science and Technology (THSTI), Department of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India

    Madhu Dikshit

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Jugdutt, B.I., Jugdutt, B.A. (2019). Role of Oxidative Stress in Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction. In: Chakraborti, S., Dhalla, N., Ganguly, N., Dikshit, M. (eds) Oxidative Stress in Heart Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8273-4_14

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