Abstract
China had entered into the feudal society since the Warring States period. The Qin State built the first centralized and unified feudal dynasty after conquering the other six states. The period from the Warring States to the Northern and Southern dynasties was the early development stage of Chinese feudal society.
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Notes
- 1.
Chang Qu (Jin). Records of Shu in Records of Huayang Kingdom, Volume 3.
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Zuo Qiuming. The Fifteenth Year of Duke Ai of Lu in Zuozhuan (also known as Zuo’s Commentary on Spring and Autumn Annals).
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Yang Kuan. Study on the History of Ancient Chinese Capital System, Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Press, 2003, p. 115.
- 4.
Lüli refers to the residential areas for the ordinary people in ancient China’s cities. According to the system of ancient Chinese urban planning, the city was divided into the royal city and the residential area. The residential area was divided into two parts. One part was called national residences inhabited by the nobility, normally surrounding the royal city. The other part was called lüli, which were inhabited by general civilians.
- 5.
Ban Gua (Eastern Han). The Biography of Jia Shan in The Book of Han, Volume 51.
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Sima Qian. Zhao, The Records of the Grand Historian, Volume 43.
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Sima Qian. The First Emperor of Qin, The Records of the Grand Historian, Volume 6.
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Gu Yanwu (Qing). Ye City, Records of Capitals Through the Ages, Volume 13.
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Gu Yanwu (Qing). Ye City, Records of Capitals Through the Ages, Volume 13.
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Yang Kuan. A Study of the City System of Ancient Chinese Capitals, Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2003, p. 5.
- 11.
Gu Yanwu (Qing). Ye City, Records of Capitals Through the Ages, Volume 13.
- 12.
li, lüli, lilü, shifang and lifang all refer to residential areas for ordinary people in a city.
- 13.
The guo areas refer to areas for ordinary people, including their residential areas and markets.
- 14.
In ancient China, that the emperor met with officials at the court was called chao and that the emperor went to visit officials was called hui. These two kinds of meeting were collectively known as chaohui. There were two kinds of chaohui, one referred to the occasions when the emperor accept congratulations from officials on New Year’s Day, the winter solstice and other days of grand celebration; the other referred to usual meetings when the emperor met with civil and military officials as daily routines.
- 15.
Gu Yanwu (Qing). Ye City, Records of Capitals Through the Ages, Volume 13.
- 16.
neishi was an official title in ancient China.
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Fu, C., Cao, W. (2019). The Urban Habitation in the Early Feudal Society. In: An Urban History of China. China Connections. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8211-6_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8211-6_3
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