Abstract
The Chinese people stepped into the nineteenth century along with the shame of being invaded by the Eight-Power Allied Forces who burned out the Winter Palace and destroyed the Tian An Men Square. What came together with the national shame was the shame to Chinese traditional squares.
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Notes
- 1.
Shi Mingzheng. Beijing in Modernization (trans. Wang Yelong), Peking University Press, 1995, pp. 88–89.
- 2.
The Garden Bureau of Dong Cheng District in Beijing. Encyclopedia of the Historical Materials About the Temple Fairs in Beijing, Beijing Yanshan Press, 2002, pp. 12–13.
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Xinhua News Agency. Islam Union Holds a Grand Sacrifice Ceremony to Celebrate the Fete-Day of Genghis Khan. People’s Daily, May 25, 1950.
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- 11.
Jin Shoushen. Temple Fairs in Beijing, Travelers, April 1955, quoted from Encyclopedia of the Historical Materials About the Temple Fairs in Beijing, p. 30.
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Fu, C., Cao, W. (2019). The Disruption of Traditional Squares and the Rise of New-Type Squares. In: An Urban History of China. China Connections. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8211-6_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8211-6_12
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