Abstract
The paper evaluates the impact of Forest Rights Act (FRA 2006) and Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act, 1996 and Joint Forest Management on the livelihoods of tribal people, with tribes of Odisha as case study, who primarily depend on non-timber forest products. Drawing on secondary sources of data and observations, the paper focuses on the nature of support contributed by the NTFPs and Kendu leaves to the tribal community and forest dwellers in the sustenance for their livelihood. It also examines institutional support involved in supporting livelihood options of the tribes. However, the relation between policy frame and livelihood options through NTFPs is described inconsistent in the realisation of development objectives.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The Indian Express, Bhubaneswar edition, 5 June 2018. However, percentage of BPL people in Odisha was recorded 46% in 1999–2000 and 46.4% in 2004–05 (Perspective Planning Commission, New Delhi). Another estimate puts it 57.20% in 2004–05 (The Pioneer, Bhubaneswar Edition, 5 June 2018). The data are useful to understand implications of JFM and NTFP policy with regard to the objective of poverty alleviation. The policies and guidelines of the JFM were enunciated in the Indian National Forest Policy of 1988 and JFM guidelines of 1990 proposed by the Government of India. The NTFP policy was enunciated in 2000.
- 2.
Locally evolved Community Forest Management (CFM) arrangement is informal and locally evolved. Joint Forest Management is formal arrangement based on policy guidelines of Government of India. It is to be mentioned that the concept of Community Forest Management (CFM) was officially recognised for the first time in Vietnam with the implementation of the Law on Forest Protection and Development (2004).
- 3.
Our Forest Our Future, Odisha Forest Development. https://www.odishafdc.com/about_ofdc.php.
References
Dash, Chita Ranjan. 2000. Forests and Tribals: A Study on Kendu Leaf Pluckers in Patnagarh (KL) Division in Bolangir District (Orissa). In Glimpses on Tribal Development, ed. S.N. Tripathy, 157–180. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House.
Mallik, R.M., and N. Panigrahi. 1998. Study of Domestic and Commercial use of including Marketing of NTFPs. Sweden: Scandia Consults Natura.
MoEF. 1990. Joint Forest Management Resolution. Resolution No. 6-21/89-FP. New Delhi: Department of Environment, Forests and Wildlife.
MoEF. 1998. Report of the Expert Committee on Conferring Ownership Rights of MFPs on Panchayats (unpublished). New Delhi: India, Government of India.
MoEF. 1999. National Forestry Action Plan, vol. 1. New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests.
Pant, M.M. 1980. Role of Women in Forestry. Paper Presented in a Seminar on Role of Women in Community Forestry. New Delhi: Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India (cited in Singh and Burra 1994).
Pati, R.N. 1989. Strategy for Sustainable Use of Forest Resources and Development of Traditional Shifting Cultivators in Orissa, India. In Tribal Development in India, ed. R.N. Pati and Basantibala Jena, 71–88. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House.
Prasad, R., and P. Bhatnagar. 1991. Wild Edible Products in the Forests of Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Tropical Forestry 7 (3): 210–218.
Saxena, N.C. 1999. World Bank and the Forestry Sector in India. In Alleviating Poverty Through Participatory Forest Management; An Evaluation of India’s Forest Development and World Bank Assistance. Washington, D.C.: Operations Evaluation Department.
Sharma, B.D. 2010. Unbroken History of Broken Promises- Indian State and Tribal People. New Delhi: Shayog Pustak Kuteer.
Singh, Andrea M., and Neera Burra. 1994. Women and Wasteland Development in India. New Delhi: Sage.
Shiva, Vandana. 1988. Staying Alive: Women Ecology and Survival in India. New Delhi: Kali for Women.
Tripathy, S.N. 1989. Bondedlabour in India. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House.
Tripathy, S.N. 2005. Female Headed Households in India. New Delhi: Sonali Publishing House.
Vasundhara. 1998. Non-Timber Forest Products and Rural Livelihoods with special focus on Existing Marketing system and Policy Constraints: A study in Bolangir and Nuapada districts. Report prepared on Behalf of Department of International Development Government of UK for The Proposed Western Orissa Rural Livelihoods Project. Bhubaneswar: Vasundhara.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tripathy, S.N. (2019). Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) and Livelihood Promotion of Tribes of Odisha. In: Behera, M. (eds) Shifting Perspectives in Tribal Studies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8090-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8090-7_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-8089-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-8090-7
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)