Abstract
Besides the sun shines on the earth there is an invisible direct interaction between the sun and the earth, that is the impact of the solar wind on the earth. The conception of intermittent plasma streams consisting of electrons and ions from the sun was introduced by Chapman and Ferraro (1930) to explain the cause of geomagnetic storms, and later the existence of the solar wind continuously blowing away from the sun was proposed successively by Biermann (1948, 1951, 1957) and Alfvén (1957) in their studies on comet tails to explain the deviation of the comet tail direction from the solar-comet radial direction (i.e., the solar radiation pressure direction) found by Hoffmeister in 1943.
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Wu, DJ., Chen, L. (2020). KAWs in Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling. In: Kinetic Alfvén Waves in Laboratory, Space, and Astrophysical Plasmas. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7989-5_3
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