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The Carbon Footprints of Agricultural Products in Canada

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Carbon Footprints

Abstract

The rapid increase in the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) has given rise to international commitments to reduce GHG emissions such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Climate Agreement. If countries are going to be successful in meeting their commitments and help reduce the impact of climate change, it is essential that all sectors of the economy be part of the solution. In Canada, the agriculture sector, which encompasses a wide array of production systems and commodities, accounts for about 12% of the anthropogenic GHG emissions. Numerous techniques have been developed to quantify GHG emissions from the agriculture sector. The data collected have been used to calculate the carbon footprints of a wide range of agricultural products and to develop indicators to help formulate climate change mitigation and adaptation policies for the sector. It is well known that agricultural soils have lost large quantities of carbon in the past. With some of the changes in management practices, agricultural soils in some regions have now become significant sinks of carbon. The agriculture sector is responsible for carbon dioxide emissions associated with fertilizer production, farm fieldwork operations, machinery supply and a variety of other smaller sources. It is also the biggest anthropogenic source of methane and nitrous oxide. If we are to promote the consumption of low carbon products, it is then important to have an accurate estimate of the GHG emissions associated with their production. Carbon footprint estimates vary substantially depending on the units and what is included in the calculations. Recent estimates of the carbon footprints per unit protein for animal products ranged from 215 kg CO2e for sheep to 15 kg CO2e for poultry–broiler meat. As expected, the carbon footprints per unit protein of plant products are substantially less. Some examples are presented on how the sharing of the environmental burden reduces the magnitude of the carbon footprints of certain products and how environmental indicators can be used to develop policies. These results highlight opportunities for climate change mitigation by consumers and producers of agricultural products in Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada

    R. L. Desjardins, D. E. Worth & X. P. C. Vergé

  2. Agro-Environmental Consultant, Cambridge, ON, Canada

    J. A. Dyer

  3. Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada

    B. G. McConkey

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  1. R. L. Desjardins
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  2. D. E. Worth
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  3. J. A. Dyer
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  4. X. P. C. Vergé
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  5. B. G. McConkey
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Correspondence to R. L. Desjardins .

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  1. Head of Sustainability - SgT Group and API, Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong

    Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu

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Desjardins, R.L., Worth, D.E., Dyer, J.A., Vergé, X.P.C., McConkey, B.G. (2020). The Carbon Footprints of Agricultural Products in Canada. In: Muthu, S. (eds) Carbon Footprints. Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7916-1_1

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