Abstract
This chapter attempts to theorise the rise of a new type of international migrants in Japanese society, considering its rapid social change in several decades after Pacific War.
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Notes
- 1.
It is a reciprocal agreement between Australia and other countries since 1975. In Australia, Working Holiday Visa holders (subclass 417) can stay in Australia for 12 months and can work up to 6 months with any single employers (Phillips 2016). The second Working Holiday Visa for further 12 months is now eligible by the completion of 3 months of specified work during the first working holiday. See recent articles (Clarke 2004; Iaquinto 2016; Robertson 2014) on critical examinations of Australian Working Holiday Programme as to temporary migration, labour mobility, local industry and taxation.
- 2.
For a similar discussion about social differentiation in Japanese consumer society, see Tomomi Endō’s remarkable theoretical debate in reference to Niklas Luhmann’s Social Systems Theory (2010).
- 3.
The people who hold Japanese citizenship are officially called Japanese nationals, not Japanese citizens, by the Japanese government. For further discussion on the difference between two terms, see Cesarani and Fulbrook (1996).
- 4.
The numbers recorded in this report include any type of Japanese nationals who intend to stay abroad for more than three months.
- 5.
I exclude those who study abroad and business expatriates in this discussion, although I realise that the number of these people should not be dismissed.
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Hamano, T. (2019). International Migration of the Japanese in Consumer Society. In: Marriage Migrants of Japanese Women in Australia. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7848-5_2
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