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Historical Changes of “Indo-Pacific” Geo-economics and Development Demands of India

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Annual Report on the Development of the Indian Ocean Region (2018)
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Abstract

India is anxious to strengthen the relations with the Asian-Pacific region, yet the “Act East Policy” doesn’t perform as well as it expected. Moreover, because it is difficult to gain an edge on the competition with China on regional economic presence, India prefers to see a new cooperation framework, which could let India play a more important role in it, and meanwhile provide India with the alternative proposals in various aspects to make up for India’s inadequacies. The introduction of “Indo-Pacific” concept is just in line with such demands of India. But the “Indo-Pacific” concept is vague at the economic level and has no practical effect on improving India’s economic presence in this region. For the existing Asia-Pacific cooperation mechanism, “Indo-Pacific” is purely a destructive factor and lacks the ability to build a new mechanism. At time of pursuing the profits brought by “Indo-Pacific”, India could hardly leave such factors out of account. Due to the independence of its development goals, India’s participation in “Indo-Pacific” must be limited.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    “Plenty of Fish in the Sea Food Security in The Indian Ocean”, Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2012/08/plenty-of-fish-in-the-sea-food-security-in-the-indian-ocean/.

  2. 2.

    “Fossil Fuel Global Flow Oil Data Used Track,” Thomsonreuters, https://blogs.thomsonreuters.com/answerson/fossil-fuel-global-flow-oil-data-used-track/.

  3. 3.

    Zhao (2013).

  4. 4.

    Wilson (2017).

  5. 5.

    Cai (2009).

  6. 6.

    Cai (2011).

  7. 7.

    Liu (2014).

  8. 8.

    US Policy towards China Enters a Major Transition Period”, Reference News, March 23, 2018, original from a report of Japanese Sankei, March 22, 2018.

  9. 9.

    “Trump Says U.S. to Use All Tools to Pressure China on Trade”, Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-28/trump-says-u-s-will-use-all-tools-to-pressure-china-on-trade.

  10. 10.

    Xia (2015).

  11. 11.

    Zhao (2009).

  12. 12.

    “India Acts East”, Foreign Policy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/17/india-acts-east/.

  13. 13.

    “Growth rate of 7.5% not enough to create jobs for the Indian workforce, Raghuram Rajan tells CNBC”, Scroll, March 20, 2018, https://scroll.in/latest/872743/growth-rate-of-7-5-not-enough-to-create-jobs-for-the-indian-workforce-raghuram-rajan-tells-cnbc.

  14. 14.

    “Indias Path from Poverty to Empowerment”, McKinsey Report, February 2014, https://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/asia-pacific/indias-path-from-poverty-to-empowerment.

  15. 15.

    Singh (2018).

  16. 16.

    “India Acts East”, Foreign Policy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/17/india-acts-east/.

  17. 17.

    Raja Mohan (2016).

  18. 18.

    Aaron Jed Rabena, “Is the ‘Indo-Pacific’ Construct Trump’s Pivot to Asia Policy?”, CSIS NEWSLETTER https://www.csis.org/analysis/pacnet-13-indo-pacific-construct-trumps-pivot-asia-policy.

  19. 19.

    “The Origin of ‘Indo-Pacific’ as Geopolitical Construct: Insights from Gurpreet Khurana”, Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2018/01/the-origin-of-indo-pacific-as-geopolitical-construct/.

  20. 20.

    Liu (2014).

  21. 21.

    On March 8, 2018, India, Japan and Sri Lanka signed the tripartite MoU and agreed to set up a JV near Colombo with an aim to build the facilities integrating LNG import, storage and power generation. India-based Petronet LNG, Japan-based Mitsubishi Corporation and Sojitz Corporation, and the Government of Sri Lanka respectively hold a stake of 47.5, 37.5 and 15% in the JV. This project is the first LNG power generation project in Sri Lanka and is expected to be completed in 2021.

  22. 22.

    The coal India imports from Australia is mostly metallurgical coal (90%), while the coal for heating and power generation only accounts for 10% of total imports.

  23. 23.

    “Don’t Equate Us with China, India Tell Us”, Economic Times, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/dont-equate-us-with-china-india-tells-us/articleshow/63423141.cms.

  24. 24.

    “Why New Delhi welcomes a cando Canberra”, Live Mint, https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/EDBEEYwr3AOUjbH4jV06rJ/Why-New-Delhi-welcomes-a-cando-Canberra.html.

  25. 25.

    Lou (2018).

  26. 26.

    “Indias Role and Chinas Roads in the Indo Pacific”, Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/indias-role-and-chinas-roads-in-the-indo-pacific/.

  27. 27.

    “No One Commenting Big Idea Trump Put Forward Apec”, South China Morning Post, http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/2119540/no-one-commenting-big-idea-trump-put-forward-apec.

  28. 28.

    “Quad Needs Both Economic Military Plan for Indo Pacific”, Economic Times, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/quad-needs-both-economic-military-plan-for-indo-pacific/articleshow/63049831.cms.

  29. 29.

    “Indias Role And Chinas Roads in the Indo Pacific”, Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2018/02/indias-role-and-chinas-roads-in-the-indo-pacific/.

  30. 30.

    Zhao (2013).

  31. 31.

    Zhou and Wang (2018).

  32. 32.

    Yang and Wang (2018).

  33. 33.

    “Can Indo Pacific Compete China”, Japan Times, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2018/01/10/commentary/japan-commentary/can-indo-pacific-compete-china.

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Yishuang, Y. (2019). Historical Changes of “Indo-Pacific” Geo-economics and Development Demands of India. In: Zhu, C. (eds) Annual Report on the Development of the Indian Ocean Region (2018). Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7693-1_7

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