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Distillery Effluent: Pollution Profile, Eco-friendly Treatment Strategies, Challenges and Future Prospects

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Microbial Metabolism of Xenobiotic Compounds

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 10))

Abstract

In India, distilleries are one of the largest industries, generating vast quantities of effluent (known as raw effluent or spent wash), which is potentially a great cause of aquatic and soil pollution. Distillery effluent (DE) is characterized by its high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS) and non-biodegradable inorganic and organic pollutants and highly recalcitrant dark brown colour. It also contains a complex mixture of numerous recalcitrant organic pollutants such as butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid and vanillyl propionic acid and various heavy metals, which are reported as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). DE disposed even after conventional treatment processes (activated sludge and biomethanation) poses a serious threat to the environment. Thus, various physicochemical processes have been reported for its decolourization and detoxification, but these techniques are not practicable on an industrial scale due to expensive high chemical consumption, high water requirement and resulting production of a vast quantity of toxic sludge and other secondary by-products. Hence, biological approaches that use microorganisms present a highly attractive alternative for decolourization and detoxification of distillery effluent. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of DE pollutants, their ecotoxicological hazards as well as various ecofriendly treatment techniques. In addition, different challenges and future prospects of DE treatment processes are discussed towards establishing sustainable development.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Dr. Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vineet Kumar & Deepak Chand Sharma

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Pankaj Kumar Arora

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Kumar, V., Sharma, D.C. (2019). Distillery Effluent: Pollution Profile, Eco-friendly Treatment Strategies, Challenges and Future Prospects. In: Arora, P. (eds) Microbial Metabolism of Xenobiotic Compounds. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 10. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7462-3_17

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