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Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Enhancing the Production of Bio-active Compounds from Medicinal Plants

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Natural Bio-active Compounds

Abstract

Bio-active compounds, isolated from medicinal plants play a vital role in modern medicine as some of them have become very potent drugs. Although these compounds are produced and accumulated in different parts of the plants, there are many bottlenecks in getting plant-based bio-active compounds. In particular, phytocompounds are limited to a particular species/genus and are produced only under specific conditions, such as pathogen attack, stage of growth and development, etc. In this regard, metabolic engineering is very promising as it offers the possibilities of overcoming the dearth of desired plant compounds by using various strategies that include increased flux of precursors, blocking of competitive pathway by using the intermediate compounds, introducing new metabolic pathways, overcoming rate-limiting steps, and the overexpression of regulatory genes or transcription factors for inducing the biosynthetic pathways. The metabolic engineering approach has been exploited in transforming plants as “cell factories” for producing various bio-active compounds. Due to the tremendous biological potential of these compounds, the understanding of their synthesis, accumulation, and manipulation in different parts of the plant along with their regulation is very crucial. By utilizing different genomics and metabolomics tools, the production of various bio-active compounds has been enhanced. This chapter provides the present-day knowledge on the production of some plant-derived bio-active compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and saponins. Further, various biotechnological approaches for increasing the accumulation of bio-active compounds through metabolic pathways engineering in plants are discussed in this chapter.

Munish Sharma and Manoj K. Dhar have equally contributed for this chapter.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India

      Munish Sharma, Archana Koul, Deepak Sharma, Sanjana Kaul & Manoj K. Dhar

    2. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

      Mallappa Kumara Swamy

    3. Department of Biotechnology, East West First Grade College of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

      Mallappa Kumara Swamy

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    1. Munish Sharma
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    3. Deepak Sharma
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    5. Mallappa Kumara Swamy
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    Correspondence to Munish Sharma .

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    1. Department of Botany, Gandhi Faiz-e-Aam College, Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

      Mohd Sayeed Akhtar

    2. Department of Biotechnology, East West First Grade College of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

      Mallappa Kumara Swamy

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    Sharma, M., Koul, A., Sharma, D., Kaul, S., Swamy, M.K., Dhar, M.K. (2019). Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Enhancing the Production of Bio-active Compounds from Medicinal Plants. In: Akhtar, M., Swamy, M. (eds) Natural Bio-active Compounds. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7438-8_12

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