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Plant Cell Culture as Alternatives to Produce Secondary Metabolites

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Natural Bio-active Compounds

Abstract

Plants are often regarded as “natural chemical factories” and produce variety of biomolecules for their metabolism and survival. They are mainly represented as primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are essentially required for the plant growth and its survival, whereas secondary metabolites are chemical compounds which are not directly associated with their growth, survival, development, and reproduction but are involved in various defense mechanisms and environmental adaptations. These compounds have been used throughout the history as medicines, flavors, fragrances, and pigmented colors. In recent years, these natural products have started dominating the food, healthcare, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries and are considered economically important and high-valued marketed products. The production of these phytochemicals is generally dependent on the plant species, geographical locations, climatic conditions, and edaphic factors. The main constraint in their large-scale production is quality and quantity control during their synthesis. In this chapter, the choice of plant tissue culture as an alternative way for the production and extraction of secondary metabolites is discussed. The expression of the synthetic pathway for their mass production can be enhanced and altered by selecting proper cell lines, manipulating media components, addition of precursors and elicitors, biotransformation, permeabilization, and immobilization. A combinatorial research in the field of plant tissue culture, metabolite synthesis pathway, and downstream processing can exploit the potentiality of these natural factories for large-scale production of secondary metabolites.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India

    Shweta Raj & Prakash Saudagar

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  1. Shweta Raj
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  2. Prakash Saudagar
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Correspondence to Prakash Saudagar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Gandhi Faiz-e-Aam College, Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mohd Sayeed Akhtar

  2. Department of Biotechnology, East West First Grade College of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Mallappa Kumara Swamy

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Raj, S., Saudagar, P. (2019). Plant Cell Culture as Alternatives to Produce Secondary Metabolites. In: Akhtar, M., Swamy, M. (eds) Natural Bio-active Compounds. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7438-8_11

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