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Open Markets, Free Trade and Sustainable Development pp 123–136Cite as

Globalization and Environment: Antagonistic or Agnostic

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Abstract

Liberalization has unleashed various possibilities. It has diluted the grounds available to create barriers at borders. Although it will be an exaggeration to assume that we are living in a borderless world. Environment on the other hand has been essentially common to all for all practical purposes. The anthropogenic activities in one territory always had a potential to unsettle or recalibrate the environmental dynamic in other parts of the world. The paper in addition to other issues also emphasizes upon decisions of Indian Supreme Court in understanding this discourse.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See, Harvey (2016).

  2. 2.

    ibid. p 161. See also, Rose (1991).

  3. 3.

    Harvey (n 1), p 162.

  4. 4.

    Sen (2009).

  5. 5.

    ibid.

  6. 6.

    See, Kymlicka (2002).

  7. 7.

    ibid.

  8. 8.

    ibid.

  9. 9.

    ibid.

  10. 10.

    See, Bhagwati (2004).

  11. 11.

    ibid.

  12. 12.

    See, Drèze and Sen (2002).

  13. 13.

    ibid.

  14. 14.

    ibid.

  15. 15.

    ibid.

  16. 16.

    See, Stiglitz (2002a).

  17. 17.

    See, Friedman and Friedman (1990).

  18. 18.

    Drèze and Sen (n 13), p 25.

  19. 19.

    ibid.

  20. 20.

    ibid.

  21. 21.

    See, Holder and Lee (2007).

  22. 22.

    Esty (2001).

  23. 23.

    See, Panayotou (2016).

  24. 24.

    See, Pascal Lamy, ‘Trade can be a Friend, not a Foe, of Conservation’, Speech delivered at WTO Symposium on Trade and Sustainable Development within the Framework of Paragraph 51 of Doha Ministerial Declaration, Geneva, 10 October 2005. Available online at https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/sppl_e/sppl07_e.htm.

  25. 25.

    Esty (n 24).

  26. 26.

    See, Whalley (1991).

  27. 27.

    See, Ekins et al. (1994).

  28. 28.

    See, Weiss (1992).

  29. 29.

    See, Antweiler et al. (1998).

  30. 30.

    Holder and Lee (n 23), p 264.

  31. 31.

    Voigt (2009).

  32. 32.

    ibid.

  33. 33.

    Naomi Klein (2014).

  34. 34.

    Ekins et al. (n 29).

  35. 35.

    See, Sands (2008).

  36. 36.

    See, Bhagwati (n 10), p 135.

  37. 37.

    Harvey (n 1), p 169.

  38. 38.

    Stuart Bell and Donald McGillivray, Environmental Law (Oxford University Press 2008), pp. 50–1.

  39. 39.

    Dietz et al. (2009).

  40. 40.

    See, Noronha (2014).

  41. 41.

    ibid.

  42. 42.

    Mahesh Rangarajan, ‘The Problem’, Seminar, 690 (February 2017), p 14.

  43. 43.

    Gadgil and Guha (2004).

  44. 44.

    ibid.

  45. 45.

    ibid.

  46. 46.

    Drèze and Sen (n 13), p 25.

  47. 47.

    See, Kothari and Shrivastava (2012).

  48. 48.

    Drèze and Sen (n 13), p 214.

  49. 49.

    Drèze and Sen (n 13), p 214.

  50. 50.

    Noronha (n 42).

  51. 51.

    See, Ramesh (2015).

  52. 52.

    See, Divan and Rosencranz (2001). Also see Articles 48 A, 51-A (g) of The Constitution of India, 1950.

  53. 53.

    See, Duara (2015).

  54. 54.

    ibid. p 45.

  55. 55.

    ibid.

  56. 56.

    ibid.

  57. 57.

    Fuel Retailers Association of Southern Africa v. Director General: Environment Management, 2007 (6) SA 4 (CC).

  58. 58.

    ibid.

  59. 59.

    Sahu (2014).

  60. 60.

    ibid.

  61. 61.

    AIR 1985 SC 652.

  62. 62.

    Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra, Dehradun v. State of UP, AIR 1985 SC 652, para 1.

  63. 63.

    AIR 1996 SC 1446.

  64. 64.

    Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India, AIR 1996 SC 1446, para 2.

  65. 65.

    ibid. para 4.

  66. 66.

    ibid.

  67. 67.

    Divan and Rosencranz (n 39), p 547.

  68. 68.

    See, Lapierre and Moro (2009).

  69. 69.

    ibid.

  70. 70.

    ibid. p 66.

  71. 71.

    Divan and Rosencranz (n 54), p 549.

  72. 72.

    M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, AIR 1987 SC 1086.

  73. 73.

    Divan and Rosencranz (n 54), p 536.

  74. 74.

    Bhagwati (n 10), p 137.

  75. 75.

    Stiglitz (n 18), p 135.

  76. 76.

    Bhagwati (n 10), p 138.

  77. 77.

    WT/DS58/AB/R.

  78. 78.

    Stiglitz (n 18), p 136.

  79. 79.

    See, Harvey (2014).

  80. 80.

    See, Deaton (2013).

  81. 81.

    See, Kolbert (2014).

  82. 82.

    See, Guha (2014).

  83. 83.

    ibid. p 172.

  84. 84.

    Diamond (2005).

  85. 85.

    ibid. p 517.

  86. 86.

    Singh (2009).

  87. 87.

    Stiglitz (2002b).

  88. 88.

    Bhagwati (n 10), p 141.

  89. 89.

    ibid.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Law University, Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Niraj Kumar

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  1. Niraj Kumar
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  1. Center for Comparative Law, National Law University, Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Mahendra Pal Singh

  2. Juristische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany

    Wolfram Cremer

  3. Centre for Comparative Law, National Law University, Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Niraj Kumar

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Kumar, N. (2019). Globalization and Environment: Antagonistic or Agnostic. In: Singh, M., Cremer, W., Kumar, N. (eds) Open Markets, Free Trade and Sustainable Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7426-5_8

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