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Chitin-Active Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases

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Book cover Targeting Chitin-containing Organisms

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1142))

Abstract

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of 1,4-glycosidic bonds various plant cell wall polysaccharides and chitin. In contrast to glycoside hydrolases, LPMOs are active on the crystalline regions of polysaccharides and thus synergize with hydrolytic enzymes. This synergism leads to an overall increase in the biomass-degradation activity of enzyme mixtures. Chitin-active LPMOs were discovered in 2010 and are currently classified in families AA10, AA11, and AA15 of the Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes database, which include LPMOs from bacteria, fungi, insects, and viruses. LPMOs have become important enzymes both industrially and scientifically and, in this chapter, we provide a brief introduction to chitin-active LPMOs including a summary of the 20+ chitin-active LPMOs that have been characterized so far. Then, we describe their structural features, catalytic mechanism, and appended carbohydrate modules. Finally, we show how chitin-active LPMOs can be used to perform chemo-enzymatic modification of chitin substrates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NOBIPOL, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Gaston Courtade & Finn L. Aachmann

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  1. Gaston Courtade
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  2. Finn L. Aachmann
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Correspondence to Finn L. Aachmann .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. State Laboratory of Biology for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection at Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

    Qing Yang

  2. Biochemistry−Electrochemistry Research Unit, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

    Tamo Fukamizo

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Courtade, G., Aachmann, F.L. (2019). Chitin-Active Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases. In: Yang, Q., Fukamizo, T. (eds) Targeting Chitin-containing Organisms. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1142. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7318-3_6

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