Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Biomarkers in Cancer Therapy

  • 629 Accesses

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the most common male malignancies in the Western countries and recently has been dramatically increasing in Asian countries including Japan. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely utilized biomarker among solid cancers. During the management of prostate cancer patients, measurement of serum PSA is useful for screening, diagnosis, risk classification, assessment of treatment effect, prediction of outcomes, and detection of recurrence or progression. In addition, several novel biomarkers such as proPSA, neuroendocrine markers, bone turnover makers, and urine PC3 are used for efficient diagnosis or precise evaluation of the disease status. Based on recent advances in technology, liquid biopsy, including circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, and microRNA which are taken from blood sample, has been introduced for clinical practice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65:87–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wang MC, Valenzuela LA, Murphy GP, et al. Purification of a human prostate specific antigen. Investig Urol. 1979;17:159–63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gustafsson O, Norming U, Almgård LE, et al. Diagnostic methods in the detection of prostate cancer: a study of a randomly selected population of 2400 men. J Urol. 1992;148:1827–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Catalona WJ, Richie JP, Ahmann FR, et al. Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6630 men. J Urol. 1994;151:1283–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Imai K, Ichinose Y, Kubota Y, et al. Diagnostic significance of prostate specific antigen and the development of a mass screening system for prostate cancer. J Urol. 1995;154:1085–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ito K, Yamamoto T, Kubota Y, et al. Usefulness of age-specific reference range of prostate-specific antigen for Japanese men older than 60 years in mass screening for prostate cancer. Urology. 2000;56:278–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Marks LS, Andriole GL, Fitzpatrick JM, et al. The interpretation of serum prostate specific antigen in men receiving 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors: a review and clinical recommendations. J Urol. 2006;176:868–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al. Screening and prostate cancer mortality: results of the European randomised study of screening for prostate cancer (ERSPC) at 13 years of follow-up. Lancet. 2014;384:2027–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bul M, Zhu X, Valdagni R, et al. Active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer worldwide: the PRIAS study. Eur Urol. 2013;63:597–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Gretzer MB, Partin AW. PSA markers in prostate cancer detection. Urol Clin North Am. 2003;30:677–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. D’Amico AV, Whittington R, Malkowicz SB, et al. Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or interstitial radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA. 1998;280:969–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Cronin AM, Godoy G, Vickers AJ. Definition of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy does not substantially impact prognostic factor estimates. J Urol. 2010;183:984–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Roach M 3rd, Hanks G, Thames H Jr, et al. Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: recommendations of the RTOG-ASTRO phoenix consensus conference. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;65:965–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kakehi Y, Sugimoto M, Taoka R, et al. Evidenced-based clinical practice guideline for prostate cancer (summary: Japanese Urological Association, 2016 edition). Int J Urol. 2017;24:648–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Cornford P, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, et al. EAU-ESTRO-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II: treatment of relapsing, metastatic, and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2017;71:630–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. D’Amico AV, Moul J, Carroll PR, et al. Prostate specific antigen doubling time as a surrogate end point for prostate cancer specific mortality following radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. J Urol. 2004;172:S42–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ito K, Miyakubo M, Sekine Y, et al. Diagnostic significance of [−2]pro-PSA and prostate dimension-adjusted PSA-related indices in men with total PSA in the 2.0–10.0 ng/mL range. World J Urol. 2013;31:305–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hvamstad T, Jordal A, Hekmat N, et al. Neuroendocrine serum tumour markers in hormone-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2003;44:215–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Coleman RE, Major P, Lipton A, et al. Predictive value of bone resorption and formation markers in cancer patients with bone metastases receiving the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4925–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. de la Taille A, Irani J, Graefen M, et al. Clinical evaluation of the PCA3 assay in guiding initial biopsy decisions. J Urol. 2011;185:2119–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. de Bono JS, Logothetis CJ, Molina A, et al. Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1995–2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1187–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR, et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1502–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. de Bono JS, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, et al. Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial. Lancet. 2010;376:1147–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. de Bono JS, Scher HI, Montgomery RB, et al. Circulating tumor cells predict survival benefit from treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14:6302–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hu R, Dunn TA, Wei S, et al. Ligand-independent androgen receptor variants derived from splicing of cryptic exons signify hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2009;69:16–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Antonarakis ES, Lu C, Wang H, et al. AR-V7 and resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1028–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wyatt AW, Annala M, Aggarwal R, et al. Concordance of circulating tumor DNA and matched metastatic tissue biopsy in prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017;109:78–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Goto Y, Kurozumi A, Enokida H, et al. Functional significance of aberrantly expressed microRNAs in prostate cancer. Int J Urol. 2015;22:242–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Japan Community Health-Care Organization (JCHO) Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Koichiro Akakura

Authors
  1. Koichiro Akakura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Koichiro Akakura .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Gastroenterology Center (Surgery), Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Hideaki Shimada

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Akakura, K. (2019). Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer. In: Shimada, H. (eds) Biomarkers in Cancer Therapy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7295-7_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7295-7_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-7294-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-7295-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation