Abstract
The Piper betle is a woody, perennial and climbing vine belonging to the family Piperaceae. The fresh leaves of betel vine, generally known as Paan in India, is cultivated at altitudes of 02–1400 m in high land, moist, tropical as well as subtropical region with an annual production worth about Rs. 9000 million. Betel leaves have a great importance on cultural, medicinal and economic aspects. Having a high nutritive and medicinal value, betel leaves prevent indigestion, constipation, bronchitis, congestion, coughs, asthma, etc. Due to perishable nature and quick spoilage, various preservation techniques are adopted to minimize the post-harvest losses of betel leaves. This chapter provides valuable information on biochemistry, processing, preservation and health benefits, and also focuses on various mechanisms that occur through several scientific research activities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Amonkar AJ, Padma PR, Bhide SV. Protective effect of hydroxychavicol, a phenolic component of betel leaf, against the tobacco-specific carcinogens. Mutat Res. 1989;210:249–53.
Anonymous. The annual progress report of industrial technology institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 2004.
Arambewela LSR, Arawwawala LDAM, Ratnasooriya WD. Antidiabetic activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Piper betle leaves in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;102:239–45.
Arawwawala LD, Arambewela LS, Ratnasooriya WD. Gastro protective effect of Piper betle Linn. Leaves grown in Sri Lanka. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2014;5(1):38–42.
Azuine MA, Amonkar AJ, Bhide SV. Chemopreventive efficacy of betel leaf extract and its constituents on 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced carcinogenesis and their effect on drug detoxification system in mouse skin. Indian J Exp Biol. 1991;29:346–51.
Balsubrahmanyam. Irrigating betel vine plantation the right way. Indian Horticulture. 1992;136(4)
Bhattacharya S, Subramanian M, Bauri A, Kamat JP. Radioprotecting property of the ethanolic extract of the Piper betle leaf. J Radiat Res. 2005;46:165–71.
Bhide SV, Zariwala MB, Amonkar AJ, Azuine MA. Chemopreventive efficacy of a betel leaf extract against benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach tumors in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991;34:207–13.
Chakraborthy D, Shah B. Antimicrobial, antioxidative and anti-hemolytic activity of Piper betle leaf extracts. Int J Pharm Sci. 2011;3:192–9.
Chattapdayay SP, Maity S. Diseases of betel vine and species. New Delhi: ICAR; 1967.
Chaurasia RS, Johri JK. Production analysis of betel leaves. Agricultural Situation in India. 1990;44:23–5.
Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Handa KL, Kapur LD. Chopra’s indigenous drugs of India. 2nd ed. New Delhi, Calcutta: AP; 1982.
CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi): The Wealth of India. 1969;8:84–94.
Dassanayake MD, Fosberg FR. A revised hand book to the flora of Ceylon. New Delhi: Amreind; 1987. p. 287–8.
Dohi T, Terada H, Anamura S, Okamoto H, Tsujimoto A. The anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic dental medicaments as determined by mouse ear edema assay. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1989;49:535–9.
Dwivedi V, Tripathi S. Review study on potential activity of Piper betle. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2014;3(4):93–8.
Gopalan C, Rama SBV, Balasubramanian SC. Nutritive value of Indian foods. New Delhi: National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Indian Council of Medical Research; 1984.
Guha P. Betel Leaf: The Neglected Green Gold of India. J Hum Ecol. 2006;19:87–93.
Guha P, Jain RK. Status Report on Production, Processing and Marketing of Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.). Kharagpur: Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, IIT; 1997.
Jan BO. Success Case Replication – A Manual for Increasing Farmer Household Income. 2000.
Jayaweera DMA. Medicinal Plants Used in Ceylon. National Science Council of Sri Lanka. Colombo. 1982;5:201.
Khan Z, Bashir O, Hussain JI, Kumar S, Ahmad R. Effects of ionic surfactants on the morphology of silver nanoparticles using Paan (Piper betle) leaf petiole extract. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2012;98:85–90.
Koff RS, Gordan G, Sabesin SM. D-Galactosamine hepatitis hepatocellular injury and fatty liver following a single dose. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1971;137:696–701.
Kumar N, Misra P, Dube A. Piper betle Linn. A maligned Paan-Asiatic plant with an array of pharmacological activities and prospects for drug discovery. Curr Sc. 2010;99:922–32.
Mabberley DJ. The plant book, vol. 560. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1997.
Madan A, Balan N, Barma D. Reducing post-harvest losses of betel (Piper betle L.) leaves by various preservation techniques. J Agrisear. 2014;1(4):251–6.
Maiti S, Shivashankara KS. Betel vine research highlights. 1998.
Manigauha A, Patel S, Ali H, Chandy A, Maheshwari MU. Study the effect of phytochemical constituents of Piper betle leaves extracts on liver disorders by in vivo model. J Pharm Res. 2004;2:353–6.
Namburi SUR, Omprakash, Babu G. A review on management of warts in Ayu. 2011;32(1):100–2.
Nouria L, Nafchia AM, Karim AA. Phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial, and α-amylase inhibitory properties of different extracts from betel leaves. Ind Crop Prod. 2014;62:47–52.
Prabu SM, Muthumani M, Shagirtha K. Protective effect of Piper betle leaf extract against cadmium-induced oxidative stress and hepatic dysfunction in rats. Saudi J of Biological Sci. 2012;19:229–39.
Rai MP, Thilakchand KR, Palatty PL, Rao P, Rao S, Bhat HP, Baliga MS. Piper betle Linn. (Betel Vine), the Maligned Southeast Asian Medicinal Plant Possesses Cancer Preventive Effects: Time to Reconsider the Wronged Opinion. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12:2149–56.
Ramji N, Iyer R, Chandrasekaran S. Phenolic antibacterials from Piper betle in the prevention of halitosis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;83:149–52.
Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi: Publications and Information Directorate; 1993. p. 502–3.
Roy UB, Vijayalaxmi KK. Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity of Piper betle Linn. using Murine and Human Cell Lines In Vitro. Int J Sci Eng Res. 2013;4(9):221–33.
Satyavati GV, Raina MK, Sharma. Medicinal Plants of India. New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research; 1987.
Shah SK, Garg G, Jhade D. Piper betle: Phytochemical, pharmacological and nutritional value in health management. Int J Pharm. 2016;38(2):181–9.
Tewari SN, Nayak M. Activity of four plant leaf extracts against three fungal pathogens of rice. Trop Agri Res. 1991;68:373–5.
Zakaria ZA, Patahuddin H, Mohamad AS, Israf D, Sulaiman MR. In vivo anti nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Piper sarmentosum. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;128:42–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Madhumita, M., Guha, P., Nag, A. (2020). Processing and Potential Health Benefits of Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.). In: Sen, S., Chakraborty, R. (eds) Herbal Medicine in India. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7248-3_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7248-3_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-7247-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-7248-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)