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Techniques for Extraction, Isolation, and Standardization of Bio-active Compounds from Medicinal Plants

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Natural Bio-active Compounds

Abstract

Naturally occurring plant-based compounds have been used by generations of practicing physicians of indigenous systems of medicine, since hundreds years. Currently, these are in much demand due to their efficacy, safety, and minimal side effects. Extraction of plant materials can be done by various conventional and nonconventional extraction procedures including maceration, infusion, percolation, digestion, decoction, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, turbo-extraction, countercurrent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, solid-phase extraction, and column chromatography. Recent techniques of extraction include ionic liquid extraction, high performance liquid chromatography, gas-phase chromatography, chiral phase chromatography, etc. The plant extracts obtained are ready for use as a medicinal agent in the form of dried powder or fluid extracts, and these may be further processed to be incorporated in dosage forms, such as tablets or capsules, or it may be fractionated to isolate individual chemical entities which are then marketed in the form of modern drugs. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview on the different extraction techniques used for the isolation of bio-active constituents from medicinal plants, and also to provide a detailed account on the various phytodrugs.

Mohammad Saquib and Mohammad Faheem Khan have equally contributed for this chapter.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Chemistry, Government Raza Post Graduate College, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India

      Mohammad Kamil Hussain

    2. Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

      Mohammad Saquib

    3. Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

      Mohammad Faheem Khan

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    1. Mohammad Kamil Hussain
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    2. Mohammad Saquib
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    3. Mohammad Faheem Khan
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    Correspondence to Mohammad Saquib .

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    Editors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Biotechnology, East West First Grade College of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

      Mallappa Kumara Swamy

    2. Department of Botany, Gandhi Faiz-e-Aam College, Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

      Mohd Sayeed Akhtar

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    Kamil Hussain, M., Saquib, M., Faheem Khan, M. (2019). Techniques for Extraction, Isolation, and Standardization of Bio-active Compounds from Medicinal Plants. In: Swamy, M., Akhtar, M. (eds) Natural Bio-active Compounds. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7205-6_8

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