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Wheat Responses and Tolerance to UV-B Radiation: An Overview

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Wheat Production in Changing Environments

Abstract

The elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 290–315 nm) has sensitive alarm because it causes drastic effects on growth, photosynthesis, and crop yield. Globally, increased UV-B has a great challenge for production of wheat. Therefore, in this chapter, a brief attempt has been made to summarize the wheat responses and tolerance to UV-B radiation. Over the last two decades, most of the studies were on the mechanisms of UV-B tolerance along with the physiological, biochemical, and morphological responses of wheat plants to UV-B stress. The experimental results showed that ambient UV-B (aUV-B) and supplemental UV-B (sUV-B) radiations have adverse effects on growth of wheat crops such as shortening plant height, reducing leaf area, slowing physiological activity, and decreasing biomass and photosynthetic performance and yield. The perusal of literature recommended the enhanced UV-B irradiation lessens the production of crop yield via disturbing the number and weight of grains. The levels of superoxide radical (O2 . -) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were enhanced by UV-B (ambient and supplemental) along with enhanced peroxidation of lipids (LPO) and electrolyte leakage. Wheat plants possess many protective and tolerance mechanisms to reduce the effect of oxidative stress caused by UV-B stress. In response to aUV-B and sUV-B, defense mechanisms get activated in the form of the increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbic acid, and guaiacol peroxidase activities, and all nonenzymatic antioxidants are found to increase in wheat. Enhanced and ambient UV-B radiation had harmful effects on photosynthetic parameters like photosystem II (Hill reaction, chlorophyll, chlorophyll a fluorescence, electron transport rate (ETR), and yield), thylakoid, and enzymes of the dark reaction like carbonic anhydrase (CA), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), and chlorophyllase in wheat. Inter- and intraspecific variations were observed in the susceptibility of wheat to UV-B which imply the potential efforts in breeding programs for improved tolerance to UV-B radiation. On the other hand, exclusion of solar UV-B from solar spectrum enhanced the growth, biomass, photosynthetic performance, and yield of wheat plants as compared to the ambient and enhanced UV-B.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

APX:

Ascorbic acid peroxidase

AsA:

Ascorbic acid

CA:

Carbonic anhydrase

CAT:

Catalase

CFCs:

Chlorofluorocarbons

ETC:

Electron transport chain

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione reduced

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MDH:

Malic dehydrogenase

NR:

Nitrate reductase

PAR:

Photosynthetically active radiation

PEPC:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

POD:

Peroxidase

PPF:

Photosynthetic photon flux

RI:

Response index

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

Rubisco:

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

Si:

Silicon

SiNp:

Silicon nanoparticles

SNP:

Sodium nitroprusside

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Acknowledgments

Financial support by Department of Science and Technology Women Scientists-A Scheme (SR/WOS-A/LS-17/2017-G) is thankfully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Sunita Kataria & Meeta Jain

  2. School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Mansi Kanungo

  3. Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India

    Sonika Sharma

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  1. Sunita Kataria
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  2. Meeta Jain
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  3. Mansi Kanungo
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  4. Sonika Sharma
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

  2. Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Kamrun Nahar

  3. Subtropical Field Science Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan

    Md. Amzad Hossain

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Kataria, S., Jain, M., Kanungo, M., Sharma, S. (2019). Wheat Responses and Tolerance to UV-B Radiation: An Overview. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Hossain, M. (eds) Wheat Production in Changing Environments. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6883-7_8

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