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Trending Methods to Enhance Antioxidant Activities in Wheat

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Wheat Production in Changing Environments

Abstract

Free radicals are defined as any molecular species which are proficient of independent existence and consist of an unpaired electron in their atomic orbital. These free radicals are derived from reactive oxygen or reactive nitrogen species which are generally produced in cellular metabolism and tend to increase under stress conditions. The most vulnerable biological targets of these reactive species include biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. To neutralize the adverse effect of free radicals, a strong antioxidant mechanism is required in plant cells. Wheat is one of the major cereals in the world, which is used in food and nonfood products. Wheat is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions both under rain-fed and irrigated conditions, as it has a high level of adaptation. Wheat has a well-known antioxidant defense mechanism, i.e., enzymatic and nonenzymatic. However, crop production is adversely affected by environmental stresses alone or in combination. These stresses are commonly due to salinity, drought, waterlogging, cold, heavy metals, etc. Recent studies suggest the use of algal consortium in the soil, treatment with external agents like organic acids, signaling molecules, essential elements, seed priming, etc. can lead to a constructive approach toward a high yield of wheat under adverse conditions.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

abscisic acid

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

AsA:

ascorbic acid

ATP:

adenosine triphosphate

CAT:

catalase

CK:

cytokinins

CO:

carbon monoxide

DHA:

dehydroascorbate

DHAR:

dehydroascorbate reductase

DMSP:

dimethylsulfoniopropionate

GO:

glycolate oxidase

GPX:

glutathione peroxidase

GR:

glutathione reductase

GS:

glutathione synthase

GSH:

reduced glutathione

GSSG:

oxidized glutathione

GST:

glutathione S-transferase

HO:

heme oxygenase

IAA:

indoleacetic acid

MDA:

malondialdehyde

MDHA:

monodehydroascorbate

MDHAR:

monodehydroascorbate reductase

NADH:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADPH:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NO:

nitric oxide

NOS:

nitric oxide synthases

NR:

nitrate reductase

PCs:

phytochelatins

PEG:

polyethylene glycol

POD:

guaiacol peroxidase

POX:

peroxidases

PSII:

photosystem II

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

RWC:

relative water content

SA:

salicylic acid

SHAM:

salicylhydroxamic acid

SNP:

sodium nitroprusside

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Kratika Pathak, Sunita Kataria & Rekha Gadre

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  1. Kratika Pathak
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  2. Sunita Kataria
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  3. Rekha Gadre
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

  2. Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Kamrun Nahar

  3. Subtropical Field Science Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan

    Md. Amzad Hossain

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Pathak, K., Kataria, S., Gadre, R. (2019). Trending Methods to Enhance Antioxidant Activities in Wheat. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Hossain, M. (eds) Wheat Production in Changing Environments. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6883-7_11

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