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Abiotic Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wheat

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Book cover Wheat Production in Changing Environments

Abstract

Wheat is a primary staple food and is ranked third in terms of global production all over the world. It maintains carbohydrate and protein balance in the diet. The unprecedented, fast altering environmental conditions have led to different abiotic stresses in plants such as drought, salinity, heavy metal, and temperature that instigate considerable losses in growth and yield of wheat worldwide. These abiotic stresses cause pollen sterility, disturb photosynthetic apparatus, produce shriveled seeds in wheat, and lead to the exorbitant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that pose pessimistic effects on proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA, eventually inducing oxidative stress in plants. Furthermore, imprudent ROS generation causes oxidative damage, irremediable harm to plant metabolic activities, and ultimately cell death. The systematic scavenging of ROS requires the activity of various enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in plant tissues. This chapter summarizes (i) the effect of various abiotic stresses on growth and physiology of wheat, (ii) ROS production and its induced oxidative damage in wheat, and (iii) mechanism involved in providing tolerance to wheat.

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Abbreviations

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

catalase

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

GPX:

guaiacol peroxidase

GR:

glutathione reductase

H2O2 :

hydrogen peroxide

MDA:

malondialdehyde

NUE:

nitrogen use efficiency

1O2 :

singlet oxygen

O2 •− :

superoxide radical

OH :

hydroxyl radical

RNA:

ribonucleic acid

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

RuBisCO:

ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

SNP:

sodium nitroprusside

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

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Bali, A.S., Sidhu, G.P.S. (2019). Abiotic Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wheat. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Hossain, M. (eds) Wheat Production in Changing Environments. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6883-7_10

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