Abstract
Rain gardens or bioretention systems are the best storm water management practices, which use natural processes of the hydrological cycle such as infiltration and evapotranspiration. Rain gardens were first coined for residential use in 1990 in Prince George’s County, Maryland which was an alternative to the conventional system of sidewalks and gutters. However, countries like Japan, China, Australia and U.S.A. are encouraging the use of rain garden these days for the sustainable development of the country. From the last few decades, the world is witnessing harmful results of urbanization. This has led to a rapid increase in impervious land cover and deterioration of the quality of the ecosystem. The impervious surface of concrete and asphalt seal the soil layers and causes excessive surface runoff, which leads to the problem of urban flooding. Also, chemical and oils falling from vehicles on roads get washed away with storm water and enters the natural water bodies leading to their pollution. Rain garden reduces and delays the flood peaks as well as helps in groundwater recharge and enhances the biodiversity. Moreover, its vegetation works as a filter media for storm water treatment. Rain garden is a low impact development (LID) technique having a long-term performance and is aesthetically pleasing. This paper quotes the benefits and chronological order of implementation of bioretention systems in urban cities having the problem of storm water management with an aim to create awareness among scientific communities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aravena JE, Dussaillant A (2009) Storm-water infiltration and focused recharge modeling with finite-volume two-dimensional richards equation: application to an experimental rain garden. J Hydraul Eng 135(12):1073–1080
Bratieres K, Fletcher TD, Deletic A, Zinger Y (2008) Nutrient and sediment removal by storm water biofilters: a large-scale design optimization study. Water Res 4214:3930–3940
Carpenter DD, Hallam L (2010) Influence of planting soil mix characteristics on bioretention cell design and performance. J Hydrol Eng 15(6):404–416
Champagne P (2008) Wetlands. Natural processes and systems for hazardous waste treatment. ASCE, Reston, Va., pp 189–256
Coffman L, Green R, Clar M, Bitter S (1993a) Design considerations associated with bioretention practices. In: Proceedings of 20th anniversary conference on water management in the ‘90s. ASCE, Reston, Va., pp 130–133
Coffman L, Green R, Clar M, Bitter S (1993b) Development of bioretention practices for storm-water management. In: Proceedings 20th anniversary conference on water management in the ‘90s. ASCE, Reston, Va., pp 126–129
Cosgrove JFJ, Bergstrom JD (2004) Design and construction of biofiltration basins: lessons learned. In: Proceedings of 2003 world water and environmental resources congress. ASCE, Reston, Va., p 323
Dietz ME, Clausen JC (2005) A field evaluation of rain garden flow and pollutant treatment. Water Air Soil Pollut 167(1–4):123–138
Dussaillant AR, Wu CH, Potter KW (2004) Richard’s equation model of a rain garden. J Hydrol Eng 93:219–225
Heasom W, Traver RG, Welker A (2006) Hydrologic modeling of a bioinfiltration best management practice. J Am Water Resour Assoc 425:1329–1347
Hess A, Wadzuk B, Walker A (2016) Evapotranspiration in rain gardens using weighing lysimeters. ASCE, J Irrig Drain Eng
Hong E, Seagren EA, Davis AP (2006) Sustainable oil and grease removal from synthetic storm water runoff using bench-scale bioretention studies. Water Environ Res 782:141–155
Hunt WF, Smith JT, Jadlocki SJ, Hathaway JM, Eubanks PR (2008) Pollutant removal and peak flow mitigation by a bioretention cell in urban Charlotte, N.C. J Environ Eng 1345:403–408
Ishimatsa K, Ito K, Mitani Y, Tanaka Y, Sugahara T, Naka Y (2016) Use of rain gardens for stormwater management in urban design and planning. Landscape Ecol. Springer
Le Coustumer S, Fletcher TD, Deletic A, Barraud S (2007) Hydraulic performance of biofilters for storm water management: first lessons from both laboratory and field studies. Water Sci Technol 56(10):93–100
Li J, Li Y, Li Y (2016) SWMM-based evaluation of the effect of rain gardens on urbanized areas. Environ Earth Sci 75:17
Li J, Li Y, Shen B, Li YJ (2014) Simulation of rain garden effects in urbanized area based on SWMM. J Hydroelectr Eng 33:60–67
Lucas WC (2008) Continuous simulation of integrated bioretention-infiltration systems for urban retrofits. In: International low impact development conference 2008. ASCE
McPherson TN, Burian SJ, Turin HJ, Stenstrom MK, Suffet IH (2002) Comparison of the pollutant loads in dry and wet weather runoff in a southern California urban watershed. Water Sci Technol 459:255–261
Morzaria-Luna HN, Schaepe KS, Cutforth LB, Veltman RL (2004) Implementation of bioretention systems: a Wisconsin case study. J Am Water Resour Assoc 40(4):1053–1061
Poresky AL, Allen VP, Reynolds SK (2016) Biofiltration equivalency: assessing the relative performance of innovative and conventional designs. In: World environmental and water resources congress 2016. ASCE
Prince George’s County (1993) Design manual for use of bioretention in storm water management. PGC, Maryland, Department of Environmental Protection, Watershed Protection Branch, Landover, Md
Prince George’s County PGC (2007) Bioretention manual. PGC, Maryland, Department of Environmental Resources, Environmental Services Div., Landover, Md
Rusciano GM, Obropta CC (2007) Bioretention column study: fecal coliform and total suspended solids reductions. Trans ASABE 504:1261–1269
Swain S, Nandi S, Patel P (2017) Application of SPI, EDI and PNPI using MSWEP precipitation data over Marathwada, India. In: 2017 IEEE International geoscience and remote sensing symposium (IGARSS), pp 355–357, IEEE
Swain S, Verma MK, Verma MK (2018a) Streamflow estimation using SWAT model over Seonath river basin, Chhattisgarh, India. In: Singh V, Yadav S, Yadava R (eds) Hydrologic modeling. Water Sci Tech Lib 81:659–665
Swain S, Nandi S, Patel P (2018b) Development of an ARIMA model for monthly rainfall forecasting over Khordha district, Odisha, India. In: Sa P, Bakshi S, Hatzilygeroudis I, Sahoo M (eds) Recent findings in intelligent computing techniques. Advances Int Sys Comput 708:325–331
Tang S, Luo W, Jia Z, Liu W, Li S, Wu Y (2016) Evaluating retention capacity of infiltration rain gardens and their potential effect on urban stormwater management in the sub-humid loess region of China. Water Resour Manage 30(3):983–1000
Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (2008) Performance evaluation of permeable pavement and a bioretention swale—Seneca College, King City, Ontario, Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Toronto
USEPA (1999) Preliminary data summary of urban storm water best management practices. Rep. No. EPA-821-R-99–012, USEPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C
USEPA (2003) National primary drinking water standards. Rep. No.EPA-816-F-03–016, USEPA, Office of Water, Washington, D.C
Verma M, Verma MK, Swain S (2016) Statistical analysis of precipitation over Seonath river basin, Chhattisgarh, India. Int J Appl Eng Res 11(4):2417–2423
WDNR (2004) Technical note for sizing infiltration basins and bioretention devices to meet state of Wisconsin storm water infiltration performance standards, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wis
Yuan J, Dunnett N, Stovin V (2017) The influence of vegetation on rain garden hydrological performance. Urban Water J 14(10):1083–1089
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Osheen, Singh, K.K. (2019). Rain Garden—A Solution to Urban Flooding: A Review. In: Agnihotri, A., Reddy, K., Bansal, A. (eds) Sustainable Engineering. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 30. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6717-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6717-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-6716-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-6717-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)