Abstract
The Philippines is a Southeast Asian country with a population of over 100 million. Its educational system, influenced by the USA, has in recent years seen rapid growth in the number of vocational education institutions and students. Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in the Philippines can be classified into four types, school-based TVET, center-based TVET, community-based TVET, and enterprise-based TVET. Most TVET schools are private. This article mainly introduces school and center-based TVET and the relevant regulatory authorities. The Philippines guarantees the quality of TVET by making a national qualification framework and a unified TVET program registration and accreditation system. Research shows that TVET in the Philippines currently faces such challenges as unsatisfactory quality, difficulty in student employment, and multi-department non-concerted management.
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Notes
- 1.
WB (2018).
- 2.
Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs: A Survey of the Philippines [EB/OL]. (2018).
- 3.
PSA (2018).
- 4.
See Footnote 2.
- 5.
DepEd (2018).
- 6.
WENR (2018).
- 7.
See Footnote 5.
- 8.
DepEd (2018).
- 9.
WENR (2018).
- 10.
CHED: Higher Education Indicators 2018.
- 11.
WENR (2018).
- 12.
TESDA: Philippine TVET Statistics [EB/OL] (2018).
- 13.
TESDA: School Based Program [EB/OL]. (2018).
- 14.
TESDA: Center Based Programs [EB/OL]. (2018).
- 15.
Péano, et al. (2008, p. 41)
- 16.
Péano, et al. (2008, p. 42)
- 17.
TESDA: Competency Standards Development [EB/OL]. (2018).
- 18.
TESDA: Mandate [EB/OL]. (2018).
- 19.
See Footnote 17.
- 20.
TESDA: Assessment and Certification (2018).
- 21.
See Footnote 12.
- 22.
TESDA: Program Registration and Accreditation [EB/OL]. (2018).
- 23.
WENR (2018).
- 24.
See Footnote 23.
- 25.
YPT (2018).
- 26.
TESDA (2010).
- 27.
See Footnote 25.
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Wu, Q., Bai, B., Zhu, X. (2019). Technical and Vocational Education and Training in the Philippines: Development and Status Quo. In: Bai, B., Paryono (eds) Vocational Education and Training in ASEAN Member States. Perspectives on Rethinking and Reforming Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6617-8_7
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