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Three-Dimensional Cell Culture and Tissue Restoration of Neural Stem Cells Under Microgravity

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Life Science in Space: Experiments on Board the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

Part of the book series: Research for Development ((REDE))

Abstract

On April 6, 2016, the SJ-10 recoverable microgravity experimental satellite (SJ-10 satellite) was launched from Jiuquan in China, which conducted a mission of space microgravity experiments. As a recoverable satellite, the SJ-10 satellite provided an effective, open, and comprehensive platform to study space life and microgravity science. The SJ-10 satellite program consisted of 27 experiments including both fields of microgravity and space life sciences. Among the experiments, “three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and tissue restoration of NSCs under microgravity” proposed by Dr. Jianwu Dai and his staff was selected from more than 200 applications. This project was characterized by two aspects: neural stem cells and 3D culture. It was the first time that in vitro-cultured NSCs experienced a microgravity environment in space. 3D culture provided a specialized environment to benefit the in vitro tissue constructs. NSC-based therapy has attracted attention in recent years, which may be a promising treatment for many neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease. The 3D culture of NSCs under microgravity may provide valuable data for tissue reconstruction of the nervous system. To communicate the background and progress of this research, this review focuses on the key points of NSCs, 3D culture, and microgravity.

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Abbreviations

3D:

Three-dimensional

2D:

Two-dimensional

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

bHLH:

Basic helix-loop-helix

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

BMSCs:

Bone marrow stromal cells

CNS:

Center nervous systems

CREB:

CAMP response element-binding protein

DE:

Differentially expressed

DEGs:

Differentially expressed genes

DG:

Dentate gyrus

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

EWS:

Ewing sarcoma

FDA:

Fluorescein diacetate

FPKM:

Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GO:

Gene Ontology

HDP:

Hanging drop plates

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

hiPSC-NSs:

HiPSC-derived neurospheres

HUCB-NSCs:

Human umbilical cord blood-derived NSCs

IGF-1R:

Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor

IL:

Interleukin

KEGG:

Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

MAG:

Myelin-associated glycoprotein

Map2:

Microtubule-associated protein-2

MEFs:

Mouse embryonic fibroblasts

mESCs:

Mouse embryonic stem cells

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

NSCs:

Neural stem cells

NPCs:

Neural progenitor cells

OMGP:

Oligodendrocyte myelin glucoprotein

PBS:

Phosphate buffered saline

PDGF:

Platelet growth factor

PI:

Propidium iodide

PLG:

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)

PNS:

Peripheral nervous system

RG:

Radial glial-like

RMS:

Rostral migratory stream

SJ-10 satellite:

SJ-10 recoverable microgravity experimental satellite

SGZ:

Subgranular zone

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

Tuj1:

Neuron-specific tubulin III

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VZ:

Ventricular zone

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the “Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences” (XDA04020000) and National Science Foundation of China (U1738109 and 81601084).

We are greatly thankful to everyone who helped us to complete the SJ-10 satellite project. We thank Prof. Zhang Tao and his staff of the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics (Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS) for designing and manufacturing the fully automated bioreactors for 3D-cultured NSC survival in space. We thank Prof. Suo Guangli and his graduate student Zhou Yuanshuai of the Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics (CAS) and Prof. Wu Xianming of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (CAS) for processing the bioinformatics data.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Jin Han, Bai Xu, Weiwei Xue, Sumei Liu & Jianwu Dai

  2. Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China

    Yi Cui

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  3. Bai Xu
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  4. Weiwei Xue
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  5. Sumei Liu
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  6. Jianwu Dai
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jianwu Dai .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Enkui Duan

  2. Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Mian Long

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Han, J., Cui, Y., Xu, B., Xue, W., Liu, S., Dai, J. (2019). Three-Dimensional Cell Culture and Tissue Restoration of Neural Stem Cells Under Microgravity. In: Duan, E., Long, M. (eds) Life Science in Space: Experiments on Board the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite. Research for Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6325-2_10

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