Abstract
Ultra-dense deployment of small cell base stations (BSs), relay nodes, and distributed antennas is considered as a de facto solution for realizing the significant performance improvements needed to accommodate the overwhelming future mobile traffic demand (Ge et al. in IEEE Wirel Commun 23(1):72–79 (2016), [1]). Traditional network expansion techniques like cell splitting are often utilized by telecom operators to achieve the expected throughput, which is less efficient and proven not to keep up with the pace of traffic proliferation in the near future. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) then become a promising and attractive network architecture to alleviate the problem. “HetNets” is a broad term that refers to the coexistence of different networks (e.g., traditional macrocells and small cell networks like femtocells and picocells), each of them constituting a network tier.
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Ge, X., Zhang, W. (2019). Energy Efficiency of Cellular Networks. In: 5G Green Mobile Communication Networks. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6252-1_3
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