Skip to main content

Green Roof Safety: A Tale of Three Cities

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Construction Safety Informatics
  • 571 Accesses

Abstract

Green roofs have immense benefits in large cities. They substantially lower the temperature of urban cities which is increased due to high-rise buildings; they reduce the problem of the heat island effect. Therefore, many urban planners and environmentalists advocate the construction of green roofs on the tops of buildings. The green roof collapses in Hong Kong, Illinois and Latvia remind us of the importance of proper planning and management in green roof construction. Green roofs are usually associated with heavy soil layer, and rainfalls and snowfalls increase the weight of the substances on the green roof; this is what has led to their collapse. In this chapter, we review the structure, safety and sustainability benefits of green roofs. Three case studies from Hong Kong, Illinois and Latvia are included for illustration purpose.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Appl, R. 2014. Riga supermarket collapse: Who’s to blame? Available from http://www.igra-world.com/images/news_and_events/IGRA_Green_Roof_News_1_2014.pdf.

  • Architectural Services Department. 2007. Study on green roof application in Hong Kong 2007, 11 October 2018. Available from https://www.archsd.gov.hk/media/11687/1353-green-roofs-es-2007-02-16.pdf.

  • Berardi, U. 2016. The outdoor microclimate benefits and energy saving resulting from green roofs retrofits. Energy and Buildings 121:217–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, T., and A. Keeler. 2008. Life-cycle cost-benefit analysis of extensive vegetated roof systems. Journal of Environmental Management 87(3).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, K., and K. Cheung. 2016. Roof collapses at City University sports centre, three injured. In Hong Kong Free Express (HKFE).

    Google Scholar 

  • CityU. 2016. University Response to the Report of the Investigation Committee for the CityU Sports Hall Incident. Retrieved from: http://www.cityu.edu.hk/ic/ua_0610.htm. [assessed on 6 March 2019].

  • Clayden, A., and T. Osmundson. 2001. Roof gardens: History design and construction. Garden History 29 (2):226–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrijevic, D., M. Tomic, P. Zivkovic, M. Stojiljkovic, and M. Dobrnjac. 2016. Thermal characteristics and potential for retrofit by using green vegetated roofs. Annals Of The Faculty Of Engineering Hunedoara—International Journal Of Engineering 14 (1):41–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fountain, H. 2011. Green Roof Collapses in Illinois. The New York Times.

    Google Scholar 

  • Getter, K.L., and D.B. Rowe. 2006. The role of extensive green roofs in sustainable development. HortScience 41 (5):1276–1285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hitzeman, H. 2013. St. Charles firm sues for $13 M after green roof collapse in 2011. Available from http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20130306/news/703069735/.

  • Hui, S. 2011. Green roof urban farming for buildings in high-density urban cities. In The 2011 Hainan China World Green Roof Conference. Hainan (Haikuo, Boao and Sanya).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hui, S.C.M. 2006. Benefits and potential applications of green roof systems in Hong Kong. In Proceedings of the 2nd Megacities International Conference 2006 351–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, R.Y.M. 2013. The usage of Automation System in Smart Home to provide a Sustainable Indoor Environment: A Content Analysis in Web 1.0. International Journal of Smart Home 7(4):47–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, R.Y.M. 2014. Transaction costs, firms’ growth and oligopoly: Case studies in Hong Kong real estate agencies’ branch locations Asian. Social Science 10 (6):41–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y. 2016. CityU committee begins rooftop collapse probe. China Daily Asia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, R.Y.M., and D.H.A. Pak. 2010. Resistance and motivation to share sustainable development knowledge by Web 2.0. Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 09(03):251–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, R., and H. Li. 2018. Have housing prices gone with the smelly wind? Big data analysis on landfill in Hong Kong. Sustainability 10 (2):341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, R., K. Cheng, and M. Shoaib. 2018. Walled buildings, sustainability, and housing prices: An artificial neural network approach. Sustainability 10 (4):1298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, X., G. Mao, J. Ren, R.Y.M. Li, J. Guo, and L. Zhang. 2015. How might China achieve its 2020 emissions target? A scenario analysis of energy consumption and CO2 emissions using the system dynamics model. Journal of Cleaner Production 103:401–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, L., B. Qin, and C. Qingzuo. 2012. Performance of urban rainwater retention by green roof: A Case Study of Jinan. Applied Mechanics and Materials 178–181:295–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magill, J.D., K. Midden, J. Groninger, and M. Therrell. 2011. A history and definition of green roof technology with recommendations for future research. cited. Available from http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132&context=gs_rp.

  • Niu, H., C. Clark, J. Zhou, and P. Adriaens. 2010. Scaling of economic benefits from green roof implementation in Washington. DC. Environmental Science & Technology 44 (1):4302–4308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shafique, M., R. Kim, and M. Rafiq. 2018. Green roof benefits, opportunities and challenges—a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 90:757–773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sproul, J., M.P. Wan, B.H. Mandel, and A.H. Rosenfeld. 2014. Economic comparison of white, green, and black flat roofs in the United States. Energy and Buildings 71:20–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szlivka, D., and A. Zachar. 2015. Thermal measurement and calculation of green roof and normal flat roof. Annals Of The Faculty Of Engineering Hunedoara—International Journal Of Engineering 13 (3):109–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, E. 2016. Chinese University of Hong Kong to remove green roofs. Buildings Department Issues New Guidelines to Schools for Immediate Safety Checks. In South China Morning Post.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vijayaraghavan, K. 2016. Green roofs: A critical review on the role of components, benefits, limitations and trends. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 57:740–752.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, S.J., and R. Reed. 2009. Green roof retrofit potential in the central business district. Property Management 27 (5):284–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woolfson, C., and A. Juska. 2014a. Neoliberal Austerity and Corporate Crime: The Collapse of the Maxima Supermarket in Riga, Latvia. New Solutions: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 24 (2):129–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woolfson, C., and A. Juska. 2014b. Safety Crime in Neoliberal Post-communist Society: the Collapse of Maxima Supermarket in Riga, Latvia. cited. Available from http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:690949/FULLTEXT01.pdf.

  • Woolfson, C., and I. Vanadzins. 2014. Historical and contemporary challenges to occupational safety and health in Latvia. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety 12 (2):47–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, B. 2011. The research of ecological and economic benefits for green roof. Applied Mechanics and Materials 71–78:2763–2766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, J., Q. Yu, and P. Gong. 2008. Quantifying air pollution removal by green roofs in Chicago. Atmospheric Environment 42 (31):7266–7273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yau, C., C. Lo, J. Lau, and S. Lau. 2016. Answers Demanded Over Collapse of Green Roof at Hong Kong City University. In South China Morning Post.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeung, R., ed. 2016. Surveyor expected to be held liable for roof collapse as City University’s top brass are accused of offloading responsibility.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuen, C. 2016a. Construction Industry Figures Fail to Attend CityU Roof Collapse Investigation. In Hong Kong Free Express (HKFE).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuen, C. 2016b. ‘We are very concerned about structural safety,’ says CY in first comment after CityU roof collapse.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X., L. Shen, V.W.Y. Tam, and W.W.Y. Lee. 2012. Barriers to implement extensive green roof systems: A Hong Kong study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (1):314–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rita Yi Man Li .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Li, R.Y.M. (2019). Green Roof Safety: A Tale of Three Cities. In: Construction Safety Informatics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5761-9_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5761-9_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-5760-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-5761-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics