Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a family of thermoplastic linear polymers that are naturally synthesized by microbes which is an alternate nutrient (carbon) source, utilized during unfavourable conditions. PHA possess numerous important qualities like bio-compatibility, biodegradability, etc. which allows its safe usage, especially in the medical and environmental sectors. This chapter addresses the recent advancements accomplished in the last decade for the potential utilization of PHA in two specific avenues in the medical field: (1) for skin and wound healing treatment and (2) as precursors for oral drugs production. The advantages of utilizing PHA as biomaterials in medical devices are innumerable. Biomaterials are substances of either natural or artificial origin which are designed for its utilization in medically treating a biological system. In addition to biocompatibility, PHA have mechanical stability, strength, structure like extracellular matrix (ECM), non-toxic degradation products, etc. which make it highly desirable for medical applications. In their natural form, PHA lack antimicrobial properties and are non-antigenic. However, studies have shown that certain degradation products of PHA hydrolysis can evoke an inhibitory effect on microbial growth. In addition, numerous reports of chemically incorporating antibiotics, metal nanoparticles, etc. onto a PHA film can generate a composite blend that has antimicrobial properties. PHA are composed of monomers made up of 3-hydroyalkanoic acids (3-HA) and as they are enantiomerically pure, PHA constitute an untapped source of chiral building blocks which can be used for the manufacture of oral drugs. The ease with which these chiral molecules can be obtained from PHA through the action of dehydrogenases and hydrolases in addition to direct biosynthesis by microbes, makes this a viable and eco-friendly method as compared to chemical synthesis which involves the usage of harsh reaction conditions and chemicals. It is evident from the quantity of studies being conducted in these avenues, that PHA application as antimicrobial wound dressings and as oral drug precursors has great potential and scope.
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de Souza, L., Shivakumar, S. (2019). Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) – Applications in Wound Treatment and as Precursors for Oral Drugs. In: Kalia, V. (eds) Biotechnological Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3759-8_9
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