Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bipolar Disorders in Chinese Culture: From a Perspective of Harmony

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Chinese Perspectives on Cultural Psychiatry

  • 473 Accesses

Abstract

In Chinese culture, harmony, the core value, has influenced the thinking and behavioral patterns of Chinese people for a long era. Derived from the cosmological philosophy, harmony was initially a theory about material balance in the Traditional Chinese Medicine, and later permeated into describing social life in Confucianism. Under the value of harmony in Chinese culture, people with affective disorders display unique characteristics to bipolar disorder. Due to that harmony is an integration of an individual’s inner and cultural aspects, the symptoms of bipolar disorder vary in emotional fluctuations and interpersonal relationships. When harmony is disturbed, Chinese bipolar disorder patients present with high emotional status in their manic phase, or with pronounced somatic symptoms in their depressive phase. The variety of the Chinese culture-strained features offers insights into the psychoetiopathology and management of bipolar disorder in the Collectivistic context.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abekim, J., Takeuchi, D., & Hwang, W. C. (2002). Predictors of help seeking for emotional distress among Chinese Americans: Family matters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 1186–1190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, J. H., & Smoller, J. W. (2009). The genetics of bipolar disorder. Neuroscience, 164, 331–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, M. H. (1993). Emotions and their expression in Chinese culture. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 17, 245–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, M. H. (2004). Culture and aggression – From context to coercion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 62–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, M. H., & Hwang, K. (1986). The social psychology of Chinese people. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 11, 212–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, B., & Parker, G. (2004). Some recommendations to assess depression in Chinese people in Australasia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38, 141–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, D., & Sireling, L. (2010). ‘I want to be bipolar’… a new phenomenon. Psychiatrist, 34, 103–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, C., Ho, P. S., & Chow, E. (2000). A body-mind-spirit model in health: An Eastern approach. Social Work in Health Care, 34, 261–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G. M. (2000). The impact of harmony on Chinese conflict management. In G. M. Chen & R. Ma (Eds.), Chinese conflict management and resolution (pp. 3–17). Westport: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, S. X., & Mak, W. W. (2008). Seeking professional help: Etiology beliefs about mental illness across cultures. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 442–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, K. C., Lu, R., Iqbal, U., Hsu, K. C., Chen, B. L., Nguyen, P. A., Yang, H. C., Huang, C. W., Li, Y. C., Jian, W. S., & Tsai, S. H. (2015). Interactions between traditional Chinese medicine and western drugs in Taiwan: A population-based study. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 122, 462–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C. C., Ünal, A. F., Leung, K., & Xin, K. R. (2016). Group harmony in the workplace: Conception, measurement, and validation. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 33, 903–934.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, C., Lo, B., & Chio, H. (2008). The Tao (way) of Chinese coping. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), The oxford handbook of Chinese psychology (pp. 399–419). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, F. M., Lau, B. W., & Waldmann, E. (1981). Somatization among Chinese depressives in general practice. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 10, 361–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, F. M. (1990). People against the mentally ill: Community opposition to residential treatment facilities. Community Mental Health Journal, 26(2), 205–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiao, J. Y., & Blizinsky, K. D. (2010). Culture-gene coevolution of individualism-collectivism and the serotonin transporter gene. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 277, 529–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, V. C. (2014). Views on traditional Chinese medicine amongst Chinese population: A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies. Health Expectations, 17, 622–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, K. F., Tso, K. C., Cheung, E., & Wong, M. (2010). Validation of the Chinese version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire in a psychiatric population in Hong Kong. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 62, 464–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clatworthy, J., Bowskill, R., Rank, T., Parham, R., & Horne, R. (2007). Adherence to medication in bipolar disorder: a qualitative study exploring the role of patients’ beliefs about the condition and its treatment. Bipolar Disorders, 9, 656–664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craddock, N. J., & Sklar, P. (1999). Genetics of bipolar disorder. Lancet, 381, 1654–1662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, E., Greenberger, E., Charles, S., Chen, C., Zhao, L., & Dong, Q. (2012). Emotion experience and regulation in China and the United States: How do culture and gender shape emotion responding? International Journal of Psychology, 47, 230–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egeland, J. A., & Hostetter, A. M. (1983). Amish Study, III: The impact of cultural factors on diagnosis of bipolar illness. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 67–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etain, B., Henry, C., Bellivier, F., Mathieu, F., & Leboyer, M. (2010). Beyond genetics: Childhood affective trauma in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 10, 867–876.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faure, G. O., & Fang, T. (2008). Changing Chinese values: Keeping up with paradoxes. International Business Review, 17, 194–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaw, A. (2001). Concise guide to cross-cultural psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, T., Okuda, M., Oquendo, M., Lawson, W., Wang, S., Thomas, Y., & Blanco, C. (2013). Mental health of African Americans and Caribbean blacks in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. American Journal of Public Health, 103, 330–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grabell, A. S., Olson, S. L., Miller, A. L., Kessler, D. A., Felt, B., Kaciroti, N., Wang, L., & Tardif, T. (2015). The impact of culture on physiological processes of emotion regulation: A comparison of US and Chinese preschoolers. Developmental Science, 18, 420–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberger, E., Chen, C., Tally, S. R., & Qi, D. (2000). Family, peer, and individual correlates of depressive symptomatology among U.S. and Chinese adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 209–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huwaë, S., & Schaafsma, J. (2016). Cross-cultural differences in emotion suppression in everyday interactions. International Journal of Psychology, 53, 176–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jack, R. E. (2013). Culture and facial expressions of emotion. Visual Cognition, 21, 1248–1286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, Y. P. (2003). The TCM diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder. Acupuncture Today, 4, 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. R., & Johnson, S. L. (2014). Cross-national prevalence and cultural correlates of bipolar I disorder. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49, 1111–1117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, S., Cuellar, A., Ruggero, C., Winett-Perlman, C., Goodnick, P., White, R., & Miller, I. (2008). Life events as predictors of mania and depression in bipolar I disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 268–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Judd, L. L., Schettler, P. J., Akiskal, H. S., Maser, J., Coryell, W., Solomon, D., Endicott, J., & Keller, M. (2003). Long-term symptomatic status of bipolar I vs. bipolar II disorders. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 6, 127–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirmayer, L. J., & Groleau, D. (2001). Affective disorders in cultural context. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 24, 465–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinman, A. (1978). Culture and depression. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 2, 295–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinman, A. (1982). Neurasthenia and depression: A study of somatization and culture in China. Culture Medicine and Psychiatry, 6, 117–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinman, A. (2004). Culture and depression. New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 951–953.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kyaga, S., Lichtenstein, P., Boman, M., Hultman, C., Långström, N., & Landén, M. (2011). Creativity and mental disorder: Family study of 300,000 people with severe mental disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 199, 373–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lam, W. W., Fielding, R., Mcdowell, I., Johnston, J., Chan, S., Leung, G. M., & Lam, T. H. (2012). Perspectives on family health, happiness and harmony (3H) among Hong Kong Chinese people: A qualitative study. Health Education Research, 27, 767–779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lan, Y. C., Zelman, D. C., & Chao, W. T. (2018). Angry characters and frightened souls: Patients and family explanatory models of bipolar disorder in Taiwan. Transcultural Psychiatry, 55, 317–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. B. (1993). Side effects of chronic lithium therapy in Hong Kong Chinese: An ethnopsychiatric perspective. Culture Medicine and Psychiatry, 17, 301–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S., Wing, Y. K., & Wong, K. C. (1992). Knowledge and compliance towards lithium therapy among Chinese psychiatric patients in Hong Kong. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 26, 444–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D. T., Kleinman, J., & Kleinman, A. (2007). Rethinking depression: An ethnographic study of the experiences of depression among Chinese. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 15, 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S., Tsang, A., Huang, Y. Q., He, Y. L., Liu, Z. R., Zhang, M. Y., Shen, Y. C., & Kessler, R. C. (2009). The epidemiology of depression in metropolitan China. Psychological Medicine, 39, 735–747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leung, K., Koch, P. T., & Lu, L. (2002). A dualistic model of harmony and its implications for conflict management in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19, 201–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leung, K., Brew, F. P., Zhang, Z. X., & Zhang, Y. (2011). Harmony and conflict: A cross-cultural investigation in China and Australia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42, 795–816.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z., & Li, X. (2005). Yellow Emperor’s canon of medicine: Plain conversation. Xi’an: Xi’an World Publishing Corporation (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., Wang, M., Wang, C., & Shi, J. (2010). Individualism, collectivism, and Chinese adolescents’ aggression: Intracultural variations. Aggressive Behavior, 36, 187–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, K., & Cheung, F. (1999). Mental health issues for Asian Americans. Psychiatric Services, 50, 774–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, C. J., Shiah, I. S., Chu, H., Tsai, P. S., Chen, C. H., Chang, Y. C., & Chou, K. R. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 25, 53–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loo, P., Wong, S., & Furnham, A. (2012). Mental health literacy: A cross-cultural study from Britain, Hong Kong and Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 4, 113–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luk, C. L., & Bond, M. H. (1992). Chinese lay beliefs about the causes and cures of psychological problems. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 11, 140–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, C. A. (1985). Depression and the translation of emotional worlds. In A. Kleinman & B. Good (Eds.), Culture and depression: Studies in the anthropology and cross-cultural psychiatry of affect and disorder (pp. 255–256). Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mak, W. W. S., & Chen, S. X. (2010). Illness behaviors among the Chinese. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of Chinese psychology (pp. 421–439). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Man, M. M., & Bond, M. H. (2005). A lexically derived measure of relationship concord in Chinese culture. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 6, 109–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcguffin, P., Rijsdijk, F., Andrew, M., Sham, P., Katz, R., & Cardno, A. (2003). The heritability of bipolar affective disorder and the genetic relationship to unipolar depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 497–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMullen, L., & Conway, J. (1996). Conceptualizing the figurative expressions of psychotherapy clients. In J. S. Mio & A. N. Katz (Eds.), Metaphor: Implications and applications (pp. 59–71). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merikangas, K. R., Jin, R., He, J. P., He, J., Kessler, R. C., Lee, S., Sampson, N. A., Viana, M. C., Andrade, L. H., Hu, C., Karam, E. G., Ladea, M., Medina-Mora, M. E., Ono, Y., Posada-Villa, J., Sagar, R., Wells, J. E., & Zarkov, Z. (2011). Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 241–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, P. B., Goodwin, G. M., Johnson, G. F., & Hirschfeld, R. M. (2010). Diagnostic guidelines for bipolar depression: A probabilistic approach. Bipolar Disorders, 10, 144–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ng, E. (2009). Heartache of the state, enemy of the self: Bipolar disorder and cultural change in urban China. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 33, 421–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nikolaus, S., Müller, H. W., & Hautzel, H. (2017). Different patterns of dopaminergic and serotonergic dysfunction in manic, depressive and euthymic phases of bipolar disorder. Nuklearmedizin, 56, 191–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G., Cheah, Y. C., & Roy, K. (2001). Do the Chinese somatize depression? A cross-cultural study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36, 287–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perlick, D. A., Rosenheck, R. A., Clarkin, J. F., Sirey, J. A., Salahi, J., Struening, E. L., & Link, B. G. (2001). Stigma as a barrier to recovery: Adverse effects of perceived stigma on social adaptation of persons diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1627–1632.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, M. R., Zhang, J., Shi, Q., Song, Z., Ding, Z., Pang, S., Li, X., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2009). Prevalence, treatment, and associated disability of mental disorders in four provinces in China during 2001–05: An epidemiological survey. Lancet, 373, 2041–2053.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proudfoot, J., Doran, J., Manicavasagar, V., & Parker, G. (2011). The precipitants of manic/hypomanic episodes in the context of bipolar disorder: A review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133, 381–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Putten, T. V. (1975). Why do patients with manic-depressive illness stop their lithium? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 16, 179–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rochelle, T. L., & Yim, K. H. (2014). Factors associated with utilisation of traditional Chinese medicine among Hong Kong Chinese. Psychology Health and Medicine, 19, 453–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romera, I., Delgado-Cohen, H., Perez, T., Caballero, L., & Gilaberte, I. (2008). Factor analysis of the Zung self-rating depression scale in a large sample of patients with major depressive disorder in primary care. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, N. (2003). The neurochemical self and its anomalies. In R. Ericson & A. Doyle (Eds.), Risk and morality (pp. 407–437). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ryder, A. G., Yang, J., Zhu, X., Yao, S., Yi, J., Heine, S. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2008). The cultural shaping of depression: Somatic symptoms in China, psychological symptoms in North America. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 300–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sethi, S., & Khanna, R. (1993). Phenomenology of mania in eastern India. Psychopathology, 26, 274–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shafer, A. B. (2010). Meta-analysis of the factor structures of four depression questionnaires: Beck, CES-D, Hamilton, and Zung. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 123–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, Y. C., Zhang, M. Y., Huang, Y. Q., He, Y. L., Liu, Z. R., Cheng, H., Tsang, A., Lee, S., & Kessler, R. C. (2006). Twelve-month prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in metropolitan China. Psychological Medicine, 36, 257–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A., Much, N. C., Mahapatra, M., & Park, L. (1997). The “big three”of morality (autonomy, community and divinity) and the “big three”explanations of suffering. In A. M. Brandt & P. Rozin (Eds.), Morality and health (pp. 119–169). Florence: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sontag, S. (1989). AIDS and its metaphors. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strakowski, S. M., Delbello, M. P., & Adler, C. M. (2004). The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: A review of neuroimaging findings. Molecular Psychiatry, 10, 105–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strakowski, S. M., Adler, C. M., Almeida, J. R. C., Altshuler, L. L., Blumberg, H. P., Chang, K. D., DelBello, M. P., Frangou, S., McIntosh, A., Phillips, M. L., Sussmanh, J. E., & Townsend, J. D. (2012). The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: A consensus model. Bipolar Disorders, 14, 313–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, K., Sarkar, S., & Kattimani, S. (2017). Bipolar disorder in Asia: Illness course and contributing factors. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 29, 16–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism: New directions in social psychology. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, J. L., & Levenson, R. W. (1997). Cultural influences of emotional responding: Chinese American and European American dating couples during interpersonal conflict. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 600–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, J. L., Levenson, R. W., & Mccoy, K. (2006). Cultural and temperamental variation in emotional response. Emotion, 6, 484–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tylee, A., & Gandhi, P. (2005). The importance of somatic symptoms in depression in primary care. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry, 7, 167–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, T. R., Lind, E. A., & Huo, Y. J. (2000). Cultural values and authority relations: The psychology of conflict resolution across cultures. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6, 1138–1163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y., & Henning, M. (2010). Bipolar disorder and medical adherence: A Chinese perspective. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 3, 7–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei, M., Su, J. C., Carrera, S., Lin, S. P., & Yi, F. (2013). Suppression and interpersonal harmony: A cross-cultural comparison between Chinese and European Americans. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 625–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, D. F., Tsui, H. K., Pearson, V., Chen, E. Y., & Chiu, S. N. (2004). Family burdens, Chinese health beliefs, and the mental health of Chinese caregivers in Hong Kong. Transcultural Psychiatry, 41, 497–513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavior disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2017). International classification of diseases (11th beta Ed.). Retrived October 12, 2018, from http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/revision/en

  • Wu, D. Y. (1982). Psychotherapy and emotion in traditional Chinese medicine. In A. J. Marsella & G. M. White (Eds.), Cultural conceptions of mental health and therapy (pp. 285–301). Dordrecht: Reidel.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y. S., Angst, J., Ou, C. S., Chen, H. C., & Lu, R. B. (2008). Validation of the Chinese version of the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) as an instrument for detecting hypo(mania) in patients with mood disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 106, 133–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, Z. Y., Gu, M. J., Zhong, B. L., Wang, C., Tang, H. L., Ling, Y. Q., Yu, X. W., & Li, M. Q. (2013). Prevalence, risk factors and recognition rates of depressive disorders among inpatients of tertiary general hospitals in Shanghai, China. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 75, 65–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, G. (1973). The scholars. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yen, S., Robins, C. J., & Lin, N. (2000). A cross-cultural comparison of depressive symptom manifestation: China and the United States. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 993–999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, W. (2010). Conflict management among American and Chinese employees in multinational organizations in China. Cross Cultural Management, 17, 299–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, D. (1995). Depression and culture–A Chinese perspective. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 29, 227–233.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

    Chanchan Shen, Yanli Jia & Wei Wang

Authors
  1. Chanchan Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yanli Jia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei Wang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

    Wei Wang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Shen, C., Jia, Y., Wang, W. (2019). Bipolar Disorders in Chinese Culture: From a Perspective of Harmony. In: Wang, W. (eds) Chinese Perspectives on Cultural Psychiatry . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3537-2_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3537-2_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-3536-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-3537-2

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation